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Effect of Spirulina (spirulina Platensis) and Vitamin E on Arsenic Induced Toxicity in Quail

Most. Fayza Khatun
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Md. Mahmudul Hasan
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Rakibul Islam
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Sumon Sarkar
Corresponding author
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Md. Anowarul Haque
Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Chronic arsenic toxicity is a severe disease in men and animals which occurs severely in Bangladesh. Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater used in drinking is the major concern because arsenic is present in human and animal food chain. This work was done in quails with a view to observing the efficacy of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) and vitamin E for prevention of arsenic toxicity. 60 quails were used in this study and animals were divided into control group (T0), arsenic-treated group (T1), arsenic plus spirulina treated group (T2) and arsenic plus vitamin E treated group (T3). Each group consists of 15 quails. Quails of T0 group were given normal feed and water and kept as control. Quails of T1, T2 and T3 were given 100 mg arsenic trioxide/L drinking water daily for 30 days. In addition to arsenic trioxide quails of group T2 and T3 were simultaneously fed with spirulina @ 1 gm/kg feed and vitamin E @ 400 mg /kg body weight up to 30 days respectively. Five quails from each group (T0, T1, T2 and T3) were sacrificed at 15 days intervals in order to determine hematological parameters. Result showed that in group T1, body weight gain was minimum, whereas in group T2 and T3 the body weight gain in quails were better. Reduction of TEC and Hb values were observed in arsenic-treated group T1. Whereas in rest groups the TEC and Hb values were comparatively higher than the arsenic-treated group. A noticeable change was observed in liver and kindey of an arsenic-treated group in compare to the control group. Histopathological changes also observed in liver and kindey of the arsenic-treated group in compare to the control group. In conclusion, spirulina and vitamin E have significant effect on body weight, hematological and postmortem and histopathological changes.

Keywords: Arsenic, Spirulina, Vitamin E

Location: The Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science of Hajee Mohammed Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-11-2018

End Date: 30-12-2018

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Quail, Nutrition

Objectives:

The following objectives:
1. To know the effect of spirulina and vitamin E on the bodyweight of arsenic-fed quails.
2. To know the effect of spirulina and vitamin E on the hematological parameters in arsenic fed quails.
3. To observe the effect of spirulina and vitamin E on the post-mortem changes and histopathological changes in arsenic-induced quails.

Methodology:

Statement of the experiment:
The experiment was accomplished under the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science of Hajee Mohammed Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period of 1st November to 30 th December 2018.
Experimental animal:
Day old sixty quails were used in this experiment. All the 60 quails were collected from the local hatchery. The quails were observed for 30 days for the adjustment with the environment. All the quails were maintained by feeding poultry feed (Nourish Poultry feed) and clean water ad libitum.
Preparation of house:
They were kept in a different cages in a pre-disinfected and well-ventilated room with controlled ambient temperature and natural relative humidity. The room underwent disinfection with 5% phenol following detergent washing at every day. The excreta of birds were cleaned properly in daily. The animal room was well ventilated.
Experimental animal grouping:
60 quails were collected for this experiment. The birds were randomly divided into 4 equal groups and eventually each group comprised of 15 quails. Groups were identified as
T₀ = Control fed with normal feed and water
T₁ = Arsenic treated group
T₂ = Arsenic plus spirulina treated group
T₃ = Arsenic plus vitamin E.

Body Weight (BW):
Following grouping, all the quails were weighed individually firstly on (day 0 =immediate previous day of starting treatment) after grouping and marking, then on day 15 and finally on day 30 and the results of body weight were recorded.
Experimental trial:
Each of group is treated by different parameters and the experiment was concluded by 60 days. Quails of group T0 were maintained on only normal feed and water as control group, quails of group T₁ were treated with arsenic trioxide @ 100 mg/L of drinking water daily and normal feed and quails of group T₂ were treated with arsenic trioxide @ 100 mg/L of drinking water plus feed with spirulina (Spirulina platensis) @ 1 gm/kg feed. The spirulina (Navit) used in this experiment was collected from Square Pharmaceuticals Limited; as a capsule form, quails of group T3 were treated with arsenic trioxide @ 100 mg/L of drinking water plus Vitamin–E Tablet (Square Pharmaceuticals Limited; Bangladesh) simultaneously at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. All treatments were given for 30 days.
Sampling procedure:
After every 15 days from each group of quails, blood samples were collected for hematological test and 1 ml of blood for each was taken separately in EDTA coated tube. Bloods samples for hematological investigation were preserved at refrigerator temperature. All blood were taken 1st on Day 15 and 2nd on Day 30.
Examination of blood for determination of hematological parameters:
From each group, 5 birds were selected randomly and killed humanely on experimental days 15 and 30 and blood was collected for TEC, TLC and Hemoglobin concentration determination.
Statistical analysis:
Data were expressed as mean ± standard error (SE) and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s test as a post-hoc test using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 software package and the chart was created by Microsoft Excel 2007 software. Results were considered to be statistically significant when P values are less than 0.01 (P<0.01).

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2020, 6 (1), 93-98; doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v6i1.46483; ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The exposure of the heavy metals like As may affect the physiology of poultry which in turn may be the issue of public health through feed chain. Moreover, the economic losses in the farming sector due to As exposure & its preventive strategies should also be undertaken. From this study it may be recommended that spirulina alone and vitamin E alone lowered arsenic toxicity in quails but spirulina was more efficacious than vitamin E in reducing arsenic load in quails. Arsenic toxicity has adverse effect in hematological and histopathological parameters in quails. This study suggested that spirulina and vitamin E has significantly reduced the arsenic concentration of inorganic arsenic toxicity in quails. Further investigation in this line may make more clear evidence to use spirulina as a therapeutic treatment for arsenic toxicity. More study is also needed to determine the level of arsenic in blood and to optimize the dose of spirulina and vitamin E to minimize arsenicosis in animals.

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