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Developing 3rs (reduce, Reuse and Recycle) Strategy for Waste Management in the Urban Areas of Bangladesh: Socioeconomic and Climate Adoption Mitigation Option

Dr. Ahmedul Hye Chowdhury
Assistant Professor
(Department of Natural Science, American International University Bangladesh)

Niaz Mohammad
Lecturer
(Department of Accounting, American International University Bangladesh)

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Waste generation and its management are being widely debated across the globe and in recent years, it has become a niche spot. Both the developed and developing countries are trying to find out new ways for climate change mitigation and adoption options respectively. Global climate change is a burning issue and presently Bangladesh is facing grave situations. A large proportion of the waste is not properly managed and dumped in unplanned sites that are creating severe environmental hazards. Gradually, it can be replicated in each urban and rural centre and growth points of Bangladesh can play a vital role in climate change mitigation. Implementation of the 3Rs will have a profound socioeconomic impact, also modern 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) strategy acts as a sustainable and socioeconomic option for climate change mitigation by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from the municipal solid waste.

Keywords: Dhaka City Corporation, Green House Gas (GHG), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Waste management, 3Rs.

Location: Urban Areas of Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Waste, Socioeconomic, Adoption and mitigation technology

Objectives:

The basic objectives of this article is to get an general idea regarding the waste management system and waste generation, greenhouse gas effects, implementation of 3Rs strategy and its benefits, management of 3Rs and risk assessment. Additionally this paper will unveil the answers some of the questions like how 3Rs can be a significant tool for waste management in Bangladesh by reducing GHG emissions and also expose some guidelines for different organizations concerning how to implement 3Rs to extract maximum benefits from products and to generate minimum amount of waste.

Methodology:

The implementation of 3Rs can begin from our homes. Internationally recognized waste management hierarchy prescribes that the first priority should be given to waste minimization. Recycling, reusing, recovering, treatment and disposal in these orders may follow the minimization of all kind of waste. The 3Rs are meant to be a hierarchy, in order of importance. The waste hierarchy has taken many forms over the past decade, but the basic concept has remained the cornerstone of most waste minimization strategies.

The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of waste. The impression of minimizing waste impacts in terms of the extent or environmental effects, by reducing the quantity of wastes, reusing the waste products with a simple treatment and recycling the wastes by using it as resources to produce products is usually referred to as “3Rs”. Implementation of 3Rs involves a number of steps: 1. Demarcation of the project area: First step is the design of facility management, which will also include Planning and management for the field survey, the second will be the identification or demarcation of project area. Using GIS is the modern and best possible method. 2. Stakeholder Analysis: The project will conduct a vigorous stakeholder analysis to identify and assess the importance of key people, groups of people, or institutions that may significantly influence the success of the project to develop strategies, get maximum possible for the project and reduce any obstacles to successful implementation 3. Stakeholder Consultations: Stakeholder consultation is a multi-step process. Initial consultations will need to be formal or informal one-to one meetings with representatives of individual stakeholder groups and in groups. This is required to introduce stakeholders to the project objectives. 4. Baseline Survey: A baseline study for 3Rs plan will be used to assess the achievement of the outcomes and impact expressed in the program's logical framework. When compared with the condition of the same indicators at some point during implementation (mid-term evaluation) and post-operation implementation (final evaluation). The baseline study forms the basis for before and after assessment or a change over time. Below, is the explanation of how to do the baseline survey and last point the Impact assessment explain the exiting waste management practices on natural environment, occupational and public health:

Emission calculation: 3Rs approach can reduce the emission from municipal solid waste up to 90%. So we can calculate the emission with and without project scenario. This calculation will also help us to predict whether this 3Rs project is feasible for CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) claim or not. ? Impact on occupational and environmental health: Inadequate collection and disposal of waste poses a serious health risk to the population. This causes environmental degradation in most cities of developing countries like Bangladesh. The informal labours, which are working in the collection, transportation and processing sectors never use any protective measures and are very vulnerable to infectious diseases.

Source of Information: Developing 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse And Recycle) Strategy for Waste Management in the Urban Areas of Bangladesh: Socioeconomic and Climate Adoption Mitigation Option

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In a nut cover, waste management must be put in place from micro-level of the household to macro levels of city, state and nation. Towards sustainable waste management, 3Rs can play a vital role to protect the environment from greenhouse gas emissions and convert waste into invaluable resources. 1. Capacity Building of City Corporation and Community Based Organizations With the implementation of the project simultaneously capacity building of city corporations and community bases organizations (CBO) will take place. 2. Socioeconomic and environmental benefits of the 3Rs Plan The long-term objective is therefore to reduce the environmental degradation caused by solid waste. By using anaerobic methods to manage the biodegradable waste, we are able to: 3. Minimize waste that needs to be disposed in centralized landfills, thus extending existing landfill capacity and reducing the environmental impact of disposal sites. 4. Benefit the soil by using organic compost instead of chemical fertilizers and ensures sustainability of the project at the local level; Reduced GHG emission and less air, water and soil pollution because of MSW 5. Empowerment of Women The scheme aims at empowering women, and in particular women from socially and economically disadvantaged groups and living with disabilities, by offering them continuous employment and a guaranteed salary. 6. Poverty Alleviation and Improved Occupational Health There will also be opportunities for the start-up of micro-enterprises in recycling, e.g. recycling of paper, Cartons and Pet bottles. Good working conditions, continuous training and the adoption of scientific and professional methods of handling waste will minimize health risks and other occupational hazards that are common in informal settings. 7. Making the waste into resource by composting Waste always has been treated as a burden to the community and the city corporation. But the scenario has changed now; there are various techniques and processes through which the municipal solid waste can be converted into valuable resources. If the waste generation is low then it can be compost or if the biodegradable waste generation is high, then it can generate electricity by using anaerobic digestion depending upon the feasibility. Comparatively the anaerobic digestion (produce electricity, solid and liquid fertilizer, 90- 95% CDM claim) process is more desirable in terms of economic returns. Thus if implemented successfully this 3Rs scheme will be a win-win situation for all stakeholders.

Knowledge Management: Journal