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Variation and Correlation of Morpho-agronomic Traits and Biochemical Contents (odap) in Grass Pea (lathyrus Sativus L.) Landraces (2019--2020)

AKMM RAHMAN
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

MS HOSSAIN
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

J HOSSAIN
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

MJ ALAM
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

MD.OMOR ALI
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Ten landraces including four released varieties of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized by morpho-agronomic traits and neurotoxic ODAP (ß -N-oxalyl-L- a, ß –diamino-propionic acid) contents in the seed. High variation was observed among landraces regarding all the studied traits. ODAP content was determined by OTP method by Rao,1975 and extreme levels of ODAP were 1.33 and 5.39 mg g-1 in among the landraces. Also, the strongest positive correlations were between no of branches/plant, pod length, no of pods/plant and hundred seed weight and between seed yield. Seed yield significantly (p< 0.01) and positively correlated with most of the investigated traits. Correlations between ODAP content and other traits were negative or no significant. In general, many of the landraces were superior with their seed yield and ODAP content.

Keywords: Landraces, Grasspea, ODAP

Location:

Start Date: 00-00-2019

End Date: 00-00-2020

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Health hazard, Grasspea

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to characterize grass pea landraces for morphological, agronomical and biochemical (ODAP) traits and also to investigate the correlations between these traits.

Methodology:

Plant material: Six grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) landraces and four released varieties named ‘BARI khesari-1, BARI khesari-2, BARI khesari-3, and BARI khesari-5’ were investigated. Among the landraces of grasspea were collected from 3 different zones of Bangladesh (Patuakhali, Sirajgong, and Narail) and the other 3 were elite/advanced crossing materials.

Field trials: Field experiment was conducted in Experiment Field of Pulses Research Centre located at Ishurdi, Pabna during 2019-2020 and growing seasons (November-March). Soil contents clay with approximately 0.93% organic matter, phosphorus content 22.89 ppm, potassium content 84.44 ppm, and pH 7.86. Sowing was done by hand at 15 cm seed to seed and 30 cm row to row spacing in mid-November. One plot (4 m length with 2 rows) was formed for each landrace. The following traits; days to flowering, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, seed yield, harvest index (%), 100 seed weight (g), and ODAP content (%) were evaluated. Morphological measurements were performed on five plants randomly selected from each plot. The flower color was determined on the flag leaf of freshly opened flowers. Pod length and the number of seeds per pod were evaluated on mature pods (5 pods per plant).

ODAP estimation: The DAP (diaminopropionic acid) and ODAP were estimated by the OPT method of Rao, 1978. This is a very sensitive, rapid and specific chemical method resulting in a colored product on the reaction of O-phthadehyde (OPT) with DAP.

Procedure: Grinding samples to BSS (British Standard Sieve) 100-mesh sized fine powder. 10-20 g of the sample was extracted for 6 hours using 70% neutral alcohol. The clear supernatant was used for the estimation of the said toxin. Extraction under this condition is 99%. 100 ml of the samples were heated in a boiling water bath in an open tube with 0.2 ml. Of OPT reagent (0.1% OPT in 0.5 M Potassium tetraborate containing 0.2 ml of mercaptoetanol). A suitable blank without alkali hydrolysis was included and the free DAP content of the sample was determined using OPT reagent.

Statistics: This study was repeated for two years and results were combined. The morphological and chemical traits among grass pea were presented as a mean. Correlation analysis was also carried out to determine the associations between the investigated traits. Statistical analyses were performed by using R Package Program.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2019-2020, Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results showed that there are high variation relations to investigated traits among the grass pea (L. sativus) landraces. The landraces were characterized by flowers colour was blue observed (Table 2.39). Seed coat color was brown observations on plants indicated that there is a close relationship between the seed coat and flower color. The plants having blue flowers produced brown seeds. Days to flowering (days from sowing to the beginning of the flowering) showed 7 days differences among grass pea landraces and released variety and it was ranged from 65 to 72 days. However, the variation in days to flowering was very low compared to the other investigated traits in grass pea landraces. The highest plant height (105.60 cm) was recorded in landrace Patuakhali local which was also the lowest in landrace Sirajgong local (81.93 cm). No. of branches/plant (8.60) was also found highest in Patuakhali local. No of Pods/plant, Pod length, No of seeds /pod were found non-significant with genotypic variations. Seed size was also varied by landraces variations. Hundred seed weight was found height in BARI Khesari-2 (7.65 g) and lowest one from Sirajgong local (5.19 g). All these agronomic traits finally contributed to seed yield. The highest seed yield (2066 kg/ha) was recorded in landrace Patuakhali local which was followed by Narail local (2037 kg/ha), BARI Khesari-5 (2011 kg/ha ), and Sirajgong local (1995 kg/ha); the lowest in landrace BGP-1300010 (1502 kg/ha). In this study, no ODAP free landrace was detected. However approximately all of them except four landraces had lower ODAP content compare to registered variety ‘BARI Khesari’, and other landraces were in the safe range (< 3.0 mg g-1) for human consumption regarding this toxic compound. Correlation analysis indicated that there are significant associations between the investigated traits, The strongest positive correlations were between no of branches/plant, pod length, no of pods/plant, and hundred seed weight and between seed yield. Seed yield significantly (p< 0.01) and positively correlated with most of the investigated traits. In general, correlations between ODAP content and other traits were negative or no significant.

Consequently, in the present study, a high amount of morphological variation was observed both inter and intra landraces indicating the existent of high genetic diversity in selected grass pea germplasm. Also low neurotoxin (ODAP) content in many of the investigated landraces clearly indicated that they may provide a precious genetic material to improve low toxin varieties in breeding. However, this germplasm has been threatened by the serious genetic erosion resulted from decreasing in grass pea culture in Bangladesh. So, collection and preservation of them are very important in terms of the future of grass pea culture and breeding in Bangladesh and the world as well.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings