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Effectiveness of Fungicides and Their Application Timing for the Management of Stemphylium Disease of Lentil (2019--2020)

D. SARKAR
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

A.U. AHMED
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

R. CHOUDHURY
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Centre, Ishurdi, Pabna during 2019-20 to find the effective dose of fungicides as well as application timing for the management of stemphylium blight disease of lentil. Under the factorial arrangement, two fungicides with dose, a control, and three application timings were compared for stemphylium disease control, the profitability of fungicide application, and grain yield. The highest yield (1807 kg/ha) was obtained when Folicur was sprayed three times @ 1ml/L, which showed no significant difference with the combination of other fungicide dose and spray schedules. The economic analysis demonstrated that Folicur1ml/L and one spray incurred the highest Marginal Benefit-Cost Ratio (MBCR 14.2). Results suggest that when disease onset occurs at or prior to flowering a double application of with 1 ml or 1g/L dose of folicur and nativo fungicide reduces disease, protects yields, and increases income.

Keywords: Stemphylium blight, Lentil, Fungicides

Location: Pulses Research Centre, Ishurdi, Pabna

Start Date: 00-00-2019

End Date: 00-00-2020

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases, Fungicide

Objectives:

The present study was conducted to search for an effective dose of these fungicides as well as application timing for the management of stemphylium blight of lentil.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Pulses Research Centre, Ishurdi during 2019-20 with three replications in factorial randomized block design. The experiment included two factors: Fungicide dose and their application time. Fungicides: Folicur EW 250 (Tebuconazole) with 1 ml/L and 2 ml/L doses and Nativo (Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin) with1g/L and 2 g/L doses and Application timing: One, Two, and Three-time of application three untreated plots were employed as a control for comparison. The plot size was 3m x 4 m and the distance between the two rows was 30 cm. Lentil was sown continuously in rows on November 14, 2019. 2.4 Liter spray solution was used (A mixture of fungicide and water) for 1 decimal land. Intercultural operations were done in order to maintain the normal hygienic condition of the crop. Weeding was done at 20 days and 50 days after sowing. Fungicides were sprayed three times starting from the first appearance of the disease at an interval of 7 days for two and three sprayings. Similarly, water was sprayed for control plots. The experimental plots were monitored regularly to observe the onset of Stemphylium blight disease. Before harvesting the crop, five plants were picked up randomly from each plot for recording the data, plant height, and the number of pods per plant. Disease severity scale (0-5) was used for rating of Stemphylium blight where 0 = No infection, 1 = Few scattered leaf infections but no twig blighted, 2 = 5–10% leaflet infection and/or few scattered 1% twigs blighted, 3 = 11–20% leaflet infection and/or 1–5 % twigs blighted, 4 = 21– 50% leaflet infection and/or 6–10 % twigs blighted and 5 = 51% leaflet infection and/or = 10% twigs blighted developed by Bakr and Ahmed (1992).

Disease data were recorded ten days before harvesting. Yield data was taken from the whole plot and converted into kg/ha. The data were analyzed statistically using the R programming language for calculating the mean values and test of significance. The variations among treatments were compared following Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

To calculate cost and benefit, the following market prices were used Nativo 75 = Tk.800/100g, Folicur EW 250 = Tk. 265/100 ml and Lentil= Tk. 100/kg. Labour wage for spraying fungicides = Tk. 400/day/labourer (8 hours a day). The spray machine charges 50 Tk per spray.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2019--2020, Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Effect of Fungicide dose: Plant population and pods per plant were not significantly affected by fungicides with different doses but yield and disease scores were significantly affected. The highest yield 1649 kg/ha was produced by Nativo 2 g/L which was significantly different from control. The highest disease score (3.36) was observed in control plots which were statistically different from other fungicide combinations. The lowest severity (0.86) was recorded in Nativo 2 g/L sprayed plots.

Effect of no of the spray of fungicide application on yield and yield attributes of lentil: There was no significant difference among the application of the fungicide on plant population, pods per plant, and yield except disease score. The highest disease score (2.15) was observed in a single sprayed plot which was statistically different from two and three sprays.

Interaction effect of fungicide and their application on yield and yield contributing character: The combined effect of fungicide dose (Factor A) and Fungicide spray schedule (Factor B) were significant only in disease and yield. In regards to yield contributing variable, no significant difference was observed among fungicide dose and fungicide spray schedule combinations. The highest yield (1807 kg/ha) was obtained from the combination of Folicur1ml/L with three sprays which showed no significant difference with the combination of other fungicide doses and spray schedule. The lowest yield (1180 kg/ha) was recorded in the control plot. The highest disease score (3.87) was observed in control (water spray) plots which were statistically different from other combinations.

Economic Analysis: All the combinations of fungicides dose and spray schedule performed better over control. The most economical combination was Folicur1ml/L and one spray with a higher Marginal Benefit-Cost Ratio (MBCR) of 1:14.2 and the lowest (1.9) MBCR was found in the combination of Nativo2g/L and three spray. Although the fungicides Nativo and Rovral were effective in controlling the disease their dose and application schedule are not identified to date. However, 2 ml or gm per liter and three applications exceed the labeled maximum application for the fungicides and are not economical. Results suggest that when disease occurs at or prior to flowering a double application of with 1 ml or 1g/L dose of folicur and nativo fungicide reduces disease, protects yields, and increases income. However, when the disease is absent or severity is low prior to flowering; fungicide application one time @ 1ml/L or 1g/L may be profitable and reduce the risk of the disease. Choice of the fungicide, as well as variety for disease management, is important; however, the level of net returns depends on other factors, such as fungicide cost, number, and frequency of applications, and disease intensity and growth stage at which fungicide sprays are initiated. Our study contributes with additional findings related to the economic effect of fungicide applications to prevent stemphylium disease on lentil production.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings