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Removal of Herbicide 2, 4-d by Different Methods

J.B. Alain
Associate professor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, SUST, Sylhet

S.M. Billah*
Assistant Professor
Soil Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna

A. Begum
Assistant Professor
Soil Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna

M.M. Miah
B. Sc Hons, Soil Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna

M.I. Hossain
B. Sc Hons, Soil Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Removal of 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) from aqueous phase, as a process of effluent management containing 3mg/I of 2, 4-D was attempted using various methods, e.g. volatilization, hydrolysis, bio-sorption and adsorption by waste tyre granules. Volatilization failed in giving better results as 2, 4-D is moderately volatile. The experiment was done during the month of Jan-April, 2005 in the Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, SUST, Sylhet. Hydrolysis resulted in 16.2% and 25.6% removal of 2, 4-D in acidic and alkaline media respectively. Mixed culture of aerobic bacteria with prior acclimatization showed an efficacy of 93.7% in 2, 4-D removal. Adsorption by waste tyre granules revealed 98.3% removal.

Keywords: Adsorption, Bio-sorption, 2, 4-D, Hydrolysis, Volatilization, Acclimatization.

Location: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, SUST, Sylhet.

Start Date: 00-01-2005

End Date: 00-04-2005

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Herbicide

Objectives:

In this study, an attempt was taken to manage the 2, 4-D contaminated effluent generated from the regeneration of spent tyre granules using different methods.

Methodology:

Determination of 2,4-D: Standard methods were adapted for the analysis of various water quality parameters. Gas Chromatograph (GC-14A, Shimadzu, Japan) with Electron Capture Detector (63Ni) with 5% OV-17 was used for 2, 4-D measurement with carrier gas nitrogen (99.9% purity) with flow rate 50-60 ml/min, Temperature for column, injector, and detector were maintained at 195°C, 250°C, and 300°C respectively. Esterifies was made by BF3-methanol and made to 25 ml with toluene. The extraction efficiency found was 87- 95%. Kinetic study: Batch study has been done with the initial concentration of 0.5mg/I of 2,4-D with adsorbent dose of 18gm/I and size of 0.15 —0.30mm. Volatilization: In a reactor of rectangular shape (20x15cm) and 20cm depth, this was made with one liter of synthetic water sample containing 3mg/12, 4-D was taken at temp. 30°C. Hydrolysis: In the present study, hydrolysis of 2,-4-D was studied in the pH range of 3 to 11. The pH of the samples in all beakers was adjusted to 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 respectively using 0.1N HCI. Uptake of 2,4-D by living Bacteria: As the living bacteria cell have proved potential for metal and pesticide uptake, therefore, uptake of 2,4-D was attempted using the mixed culture of bacteria. The mixed culture of bacteria was made in laboratory conditions with C: N: P ratio of feed maintained was 100:22.79:4.9. The feed was given twice a day. During the entire period of culture, Chemical Oxygen Demand and sludge volume index (SVI) were measured at regular intervals. When the SVI reached a range of 50-60, the bacteria were presumed healthy and ready for acclimatization.

Source of Information: South Asian J. Agric., 2008, 3 (1&2): 75-80 ISSN 1991-0037

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The removal of 2, 4-D by rubber granules was pore diffusion as well as external mass transfer diffusion. The 15% ethyl alchol solution for 2, 4-D was used. The de-sorption of 2, 4-D from exhausted rubber granules was separately undertaken in 15% ethyl alcohol solution. The de-sorption mechanisms of the herbicides was due to two reasons: in most cases the solvating forces developed between solute-solvent partitioning which are much greater than the physical sorption forces binding the molecules of the herbicides onto activated carbon of rubber granules. Secondly it may due to greater penetrability of organic solvents into the very fine pores and thereby displacing the molecules from the rubber granules.

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