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Study of Health and Quality of Apparently Healthy, Spotted and Discolored Rice Seed

M.S. Islam*
Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali.

H. Rahman
Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali.

Z. Parvez
Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali.

M.A. Ali
Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali during 2008-2009 to investigate the health, germination and seedling vigor of different seed categories viz. apparently healthy seed, original farmer's seed, spotted seed and discolored seed. Significant variation in respect of germination, seedling vigor and pathogenic infection was observed in different seed categories. The observed fungi were Bipolaris oryzae, Alternaria padwiik, Curvidaria howl, Fusarium mondiforme, Alternaria tenuisima, Pinatubo oryzae, Tilletia sp., Aspspergillus flavus, Aspergillas clavatus and Rhizopus sp. The lowest count of pathogenic fungi were recorded from apparently healthy seed followed by original farmer's seed and highest from spotted seed , followed by discolored seed. Apparently healthy seed gave the maximum germination (77.5%) and yielded maximum number of healthy seedlings (73.00%). The discolored seed had very low germination (43.95%), highest number of abnormal (5.25%) and diseased seedlings (5.50%). Root length, shoot length and seedling vigor of apparently healthy seed were higher than discolored and spotted seed.

Keywords: Discolored seed, Spotted seed, Healthy seed, Seed quality, Seed health

Location: Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali

Start Date: 00-00-2008

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

Seeds with such physical deformities are often lighter and infected by several important fungal and bacterial pathogens. Removal of these types of affected seed has led to increased seed germination, production of healthier seedlings, resulting in higher yields (Mathur et al., 1987). Based on the above information present study has been undertaken to determine the prevalence of seed borne pathogens on apparently healthy, spotted and discolored seed and their effect on germination and vigor.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali. Fifty farmers were selected from five upazillas of Patuakhali district. Ten farmers were randomly selected from each of the five upazillas . Then 1 kg seeds of rice cultivar sadamota was collected from each farmer's of each upazilla and mixed properly to have a representative sample. Seed from each representative sample was grouped into four categories: i) Farmer's original seed, ii) Apparently healthy seed, iii) Spotted seed and iv) Discolored seed. Based on such categories, seed samples were tested for germination, vigor and associated microflora with the following tests.

Germination Test: Germination test of seed samples were done in sand. Plastic trays were filled with fine sand moistened with clean tap water. One hundred seeds of each category of each sample were sown in each tray and used as a replication. For each sample, four trays were used for testing 400 seeds of each category. Germination was recorded at 4, 7 and 14 days after sowing. At the end of the germination test, the sample was categorized as healthy seedlings, normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings and expressed in percentage. Vigor test: Seedling vigor test was conducted in sand. One hundred seeds of each category were sown in sand in each plastic tray in four lines (25 seeds /line). A total of 400 seeds were test for each category of each sample. After 20 days, root and shoot length were measured. Fifteen seedlings from each tray were randomly selected for measurement of root and shoot length. Vigor index was calculated following formula of Baki and Anderson (1973) as shown bellow:

Vigor index = (Mean of root length + Mean of shoot length) x Percentage of seed germination. ISTA (International Seed Testing Association), 1985 was followed for testing germination and seedling vigor.

Blotter test: Three layers of well-moistened blotter (filter paper) was placed at the bottom of 9 cm plastic petridish. One hundred seeds of each of category of each sample were counted at random and placed on the moist filter paper at the rate of 25 seeds per plate. The plated seeds were incubated at 25 °C under 12 hours cycle of alternate near ultra violate light and darkness in the incubation room. After incubation, the seeds were examined under the stereo binocular microscope in order to record the incidence of different seed-borne fungi. For proper identification of fungi, semi-permanent slides were prepared from the fungal colony and observed under the compound microscope.

Source of Information: South Asian J. Agric. 2009.4 (l&2): 168-171 ISSN 1991-0037

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The lowest count of pathogenic fungi were recorded from apparently healthy seed followed by original farmer's seed and highest from spotted seed , followed by discolored seed. Apparently healthy seed gave the maximum germination (77.5%) and yielded maximum number of healthy seedlings (73.00%). The discolored seed had very low germination (43.95%), highest number of abnormal (5.25%) and diseased seedlings (5.50%). Root length, shoot length and seedling vigor of apparently healthy seed were higher than discolored and spotted seed.

Knowledge Management: Journal