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Prevalence of Ascariasis in Indigenous Chickens of Dinajpur District and Their Control by Using Neem (azadirachta Indica) Extract

F. B. Arif
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh

M. N. Islam
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh

M. R. Akter
Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh

M. B. Rashid
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh

S. Begum
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Indigenous chickens are very much popular in Bangladesh for their meat and disease resistance as well as no extra expenditure for rearing. Ascariasis is very much common in indigenous chicken causing retard growth, low productivity and causing mortality. Indigenous medicinal plants neem (Azadirachta indica) was tested both in vitro and in vivo in comparison with piperazine against ascariasis in chicken. In vitro studies neem leaves extract at dose rate 1-20 mg/ml were applied in media containing adult worms. Shortest time of parasite paralysis was observed with neem at dose rate 20mg/ml. Piperazine were incubated at the dose rate of 0.1-4.0mg/m1 to adult worms and shortest time of parasite paralysis was observed at dose rate 4mg/ml. On the basis of in vitro shortest paralysis of time, in vivo dose was determined and given orally, after 21' day of treatment effectiveness of neem was determined on the basis of postmortem parasites count in comparison with patent drugs. Hematological analysis revealed that the aqueous extract of neem leaves did not show any adverse effect on blood parameter in treated birds. Piperazine is widely used against poultry ascariasis but this drug has great impact on the health of bird and is expensive and is to be imported. From our experiment it could be concluded that neem leaves extract have anthelmintic activity as like as piperazine without creating health hazard of bird simultaneously for the consumer.

Keywords: Prevalence, Ascariasis, Anthelmintic, Neem leaves extract, Piperazine.

Location: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Haje Mohammad Danash Science and Technology University, Basharhat, Dinajpur and Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-07-2009

End Date: 00-11-2009

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Chicken, Diseases

Objectives:

Among them, neem leaves are preferred one by the rural people (Mostofa 1983, Sivdas 1980, Mannan et al. 1997, Nath et al. 1983, Dutta and Hazarika 1976). Considering all these views present research work was designed to observe the prevalence of ascariasis in indigenous chicken of five villages at sadar Upazila of Dinajpur district and to assess the comparative efficacy of neem leaves extract and piperazine to find out suitable economic herbal anthelmintic.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Haje Mohammad Danash Science and Technology University, Basharhat, Dinajpur and Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from July to November 2009. Survey on prevalence of ascariasis and fecal egg counts A total number of 200 indigenous chickens were examined ranging from 2 months to 1 year of age from different villages of sadar Upazila of Dinajpur district. Prevalence was recorded on the basis of (a) Overall prevalence in sadar Upazila of Dinajpur district (b) Agewise infection rate. To study the prevalence, fecal samples were collected from the chicken in sample vials (containing formalin as preservatives) early in the morning. Collected samples were brought to laboratory for examination. Direct smear and improved McMaster method were used for fecal examination. Parasite count by post mortem examination Forty (eight chickens from each village) chickens were slaughtered for post mortem examination to count number of parasites (Ascaridia galli).

Preparation of neem leaf extract Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) were collected from "Medicinal Plants garden" of Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.To obtain 10% aqueous extract, 20 gm of neem leaves were thoroughly washed in tap water. The leaves were cut into small pieces with the help of knife, there after the fleshy parts were mixed with the help of mortar and pastels. The extract was made up to 20 ml by adding distilled water and filtered through a piece of clean silk cloth. To obtain 10% alcoholic neem extract solution first 10 gm neem leaves were kept in a woven for few minutes to make it dry. Then the dry leaves were grinded with grinding machine to make it powder form then finally added 100 ml of ethanol to make 10% solution. Same procedure was followed for preparing 10% ether neem extract and 10% chloroform neem extract solution. Comparative efficacy of neem leaf extract with piperazine Among all the infected chicken 30 chicken randomly divided into three groups, comprising of ten chickens in each and marked as groups A, B, and C Group A: Control no treatment was given. Group B: Each chicken of this group was treated with neem leaves extract @ 1 gm/kg body weight orally by dropper for consecutive seven days. Group C: Each chicken of this group was treated Piper-vet (piperazine) 200mg/kg body weight. Statistical analysis The data were analyzed by Student's t test.

Source of Information: Journal of Science and Technology 9 & 10 (2011-12): 149-152

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Achievement/Findings:

Hematological analysis revealed that the aqueous extract of neem leaves did not show any adverse effect on blood parameters in treated birds. Piperazine is widely used against poultry ascariasis but this drug has great impact on the health of bird and is expensive and is to be imported. From our experiment, it could be concluded that neem leaves extract have anthelmintic activity as like piperazine without creating health hazard of bird simultaneously for the consumer.

Knowledge Management: Journal