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Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties and the Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. Ashraful Islam
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agriculture University (BAU), Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Sumiya Islam
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agriculture University (BAU), Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Ayasha Akter
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agriculture University (BAU), Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md Habibur Rahman
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agriculture University (BAU), Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Dilip Nandwani*
Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field trials were conducted on tomato for yield and quality of fruits using different types of organic and inorganic fertilizers at the horticulture farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Fertilizer treatments were tested on two varieties of tomato ca. Roma VF and BARI 15. The fertilization treatments were T1, vermicompost (12 t/ha); T2, compost (10 t/ha); T3, integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) or mixed fertilizers (organic 2/3 part and inorganic 1/3 part); T4, inorganic fertilizers; and a control (T5). Results showed growth and yield (20.8 t/ha) in tomatoes were higher in the IPNS treatment. A higher number of fruits per plant (73.7) and plant height (73.5 cm) were obtained from mixed fertilizers (organic 2/3 + inorganic 1/3) or IPNS (integrated plant nutrient system) in Roma VF than other treatments. Fruit yield and diameter were found statistically significant. No significant difference was observed in the quality (total soluble solids) of tomato fruits in both varieties’ responses to the treatments. The electrical conductivity and pH of the soil were improved by the application of organic manure.

Keywords: Compost; Nutrient management; Production; Sustainable; Vegetables

Location: Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Tomato, Fertilizer, Organic fertilizer

Objectives:

Tomato is grown in the summer and winter seasons in Bangladesh; however, production varies in various regions due to varieties, seasons, climatic conditions, planting times, management practices and soil properties. Ahammad et al.found that planting time and varietal selection influenced tomato production from 4.51 to 55.91 t/ha. The objective of this research project was to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers combined on the growth, yield and quality of tomatoes and on soil properties.

Methodology:

An open-field experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh in Fall 2014 to Spring 2015. Two factors experiment was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The double factor experiment consisted of 5 treatments (T).

Two varieties of tomato ca Roma VF (V1) and BARI tomato 15 (V2) were selected for the study. Soil samples were collected from the experimental field before and after research trial and analyzed at the Agrivarsity Humboldt Soil Testing Laboratory. Seeds were sown in nursery beds (3 m × 1 m), one seedbed/variety. Weeding, mulching and watering in seedbeds were done as needed. Seedlings germinated within a week and were transplanted (25 days) in the field. Plant spacing kept at 80 cm × 60 cm) in the field plots (2.8 m × 1.8 m) and water. Vermicompost and compost was applied during land preparation. Urea, MoP, TSP, Borax and Zn fertilizers were applied at recommended doses in the inorganic plots. Nitrogen and potassium was applied in two equal splits at 15 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT). The research plot was irrigated after fertilizer application. Botanical pesticides (neem extract) were used to control the insect pests and diseases except the T4 experimental plot where inorganic fertilizers and fungicide (Dithane M-45 @2 g/L fortnightly during the early vegetative stage) were applied. Staking was done with bamboo sticks to support tomato plants. Data were collected from five plants of nine planted in each plot (one replication).

Plant height (15, 35 and 45 DAT) was recorded (cm) from the ground to the tip of stem. Data on number of fruits, flower clusters and number of fruit clusters per plant were recorded. Twenty fruits per plot and replication were measured for fruit length (cm) and fruit diameter (cm) by caliper. Total seven harvest recorded from 20 January to 15 February. Fruits were harvested at the maturing index (when fruits become 10% red color) and stored at the horticulture research laboratory, and total soluble solid (TSS) recorded from the marketable fruits. Mean comparisons between treatments were performed by the least significant difference (LSD) test. All statistical calculations were performed using the F-variance test, statistical significance was indicated at 5% and 1% level of probability.

Source of Information: Agriculture 2017, 7, 18

Article Link (Online Journal): doi:10.3390/agriculture7030018

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study illustrates that combinations of mixed fertilizers or an integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) produced the best results on plant growth, fruit measurements and yield of both varieties Roma VF and BARI 15. On the other hand, Roma VF produced higher quality attributes and yield over the BARI tomato 15. Combined applications of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients are more productive and sustain soil fertility. For the determination of an appropriate ratio of organic and inorganic sources, the experiment may be repeated at different locations for different varieties of tomato.

Knowledge Management: Journal