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Effects of Neem (azadirachta Indica) Leaves Against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Cattle

M.R. Amin,
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Mostofa
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.A. Awal
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.A. Hossain
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The anthelmintic efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves was evaluated on 12 cross bred cattle (aged between 2-3 years) naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes at Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy farm, Mymensingh during the period of 28 days from 1st to 28th June' 2005. The 12 selected cattle were randomly divided into two groups (A & B), each consisting of six animals, of which each animal of group A was treated with a single orally administered water extract of neem leaves @ 200mg/kg bwt, whereas animals of group B served as untreated control. Egg per gram (EPG) of feces, body weight, certain hemato-biochemical parameters were examined before the treatment and on 3rd, 10th, 17th, and 28th day post treatment. A significant (P<0.01) reduction of EPG was recorded in treated group A (48.05-65.7%) but it significantly (P0.01) increased the EPG in untreated cattle. The body weight was significantly increased (P<0.05) in treated and decreased in (P<0.05) in untreated groups of cattle. The TEC, Hb, PCV and Neutrophil counts increased significantly (P<0.01) whereas the TLC and eosinophil count decreased significantly (P<0.01) in treated cattle. No significant change was observed in ALT and AST values between treated and untreated groups of animals. The results of this study indicates that a single oral dose of neem extract leaves could reduce 48.05 to 65.77% EPG of gastrointestinal nematode in cattle.

Keywords: Neem, Gastrointestinal nematodes, Hematological, Biochemical, Cattle

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy farm, Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-06-2005

End Date: 28-06-2006

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle, Nematodes, Neem

Objectives:

The medicinal plants for their anthelmintic activity have remained of great scientific interest despite extensive use of synthetic chemicals in modern clinical practices all over the world (Akhtar et al., 2000). Azadirachta indica locally known as neem an important multipurpose plant. The various uses of the products of this tree have fascinated agriculturists and chemists and known to have parasiticide activities against different worms (Mostofa et al., 1995). In continuation to the earlier' works, this paper describes the the efficacy of neem leaves against gastrointestinal nematodes and its effects on certain hemato-biochemical parameters and clinical parameter (body weight) were also determined in this study.

Methodology:

The experiment was performed in the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm was selected as the site for this study. The research was carried out during the period between 1st June, 2005 to 28th June, 2005. Thirty cattle (2-3 years approximately) were selected for this study which were suspected to be suffering from natural gastrointestinal nematodes infection in cattle and they were marked at the ears by the numbered tag. Direct microscopic examination of fecal samples for gastrointestinal nematodes by floatation method (Rahman et al., 1996) were carried out over a week prior to commencement of treatment. On the basis of fecal sample examination results, 12 cattle of both sexes infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this study and randomly divided into two groups, each group consisting of six (6) cattle.

Group A: Treated with a single oral dose of water extract of neem leaves @100mg/kg body weight

Group B: Used as untreated control group

The fecal sample from both groups were examined by egg counting McMaster method as described by Soulsby (1986) before treatment (day 0) and at 3rd, 10th, 17th and 28th day of post-treatment. Egg per gram (EPG) of feces were recorded. Blbod samples were collected from the jugular vein of each cattle at different time intervals mentioned above. Various hematological parameters Total Erythrocyte counts (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), Total Lekocute counts (TLC) and differential leukocyte counts (DLC) were measured following the standard procedures. Biochemical (ALT and AST) parameters were also examined by auto-analyzer (Reflotron® Plus) according to the method described by Deneke and Rittersdorf (1984 and 1985). To determine the body weight gain or loss of neem leaves treated and untreated control groups, the body weight was taken on day 0 (Pretreatment) and on 3rd, 10th, 17th and 28th day of experimental period of cattle (Samad, 2001). Collected data were statistically analyzed between normal and treated values by Student's t-test by using the computer statistical package programme of Microsoft Excel.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(1): 87,92,2008 ISSN 1810-3030

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Funding Source:

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Achievement/Findings:

It may be concluded that water extracts of neem leaves was moderately effective against gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle. However, neem leaves may be used as an alternative drugs in field condition of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal