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A Coprological Survey of Gastro-intestinal Parasites of Water Buffaloes (bubalus Bubalis) in Kurigram District of Bangladesh

M. A. A. Mamun
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

N. Begum
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. M. H. Mondal
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Epidemiology of gastro-intestinal parasites of water buffaloes was investigated in Kurigram district of Bangladesh between November 2007 and October 2008 through coprological examination. A total of 236 water buffaloes were examined, among them 144 (61.02%) buffaloes were found infected with one or more species of gastro-intestinal parasites. Nine species of gastro-intestinal parasites were identified, of them four species were trematodes, namely, Paramphistomum cervi (29.24%), Fasciola gigantica (22.46%), Schistosoma indicum (1.27%), Schistosoma spindale (0.85%); three species were nematodes, namely, Toxocara vitulorum (2.54%), Strongyles (0.85%), Strongyloides sp. (0.42%) and two species were protozoa, namely, Eimeria sp. (3.39%) and Balantidium coli (37.29%). No cestode was detected. Among the gastro-intestinal parasites mixed infection was common. In this investigation, prevalence of parasites in relation to age, sex and seasonal dynamics was also studied. Significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites was observed in rainy season followed by summer and winter seasons. Males and females were almost equally (odd ratio 1.08) susceptible to gastro-intestinal parasitic infection. In the age groups, young (< 2 to 5 years) were mostly (p<0.01) susceptible to gastro-intestinal parasites. In the present study, EPG (Egg/cyst Per Gram of Feces) was also determined. The range of EPG varied from 100-5000 among the identified parasites. The results of the present investigation revealed that the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in buffaloes is very common and quite severe. It is imperative that integrated strategies and measures be taken to control gastrointestinal parasitic infections in buffaloes in kurigram district and elsewhere in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Buffalo, Gastro-intestinal parasites, Kurigram district

Location: Kurigram district of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2007

End Date: 00-10-2008

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Buffalo, Parasite

Objectives:

In contrast, in developing countries, little published information exists and data on the epidemiological aspect of gastro-intestinal parasitic infections. As is the case elsewhere, infection of water buffaloes with gastro-intestinal parasites represents a significant problem which causes difficulty for the development of the water buffalo industry. However, while there have been only limited surveys of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in water buffaloes little is known about the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of water buffaloes in the country under present husbandry practices. In order to provide a foundation for the improved control of gastro-intestinal parasites in water buffaloes, the objective of the present investigation was to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in water buffaloes in Kurigram district of Bangladesh by coprological examination.

Methodology:

The study area Kurigram District (Coordinates: 25°45′N 89°40′E / 25.75°N 89.66°E) with an area of 2,296.10 square km is located in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh along the border of India. Maximum and minimum annual average temperature of Kurigram is 32.3°C and 11.2°C, respectively; in both cases it is more acute than the middle or southern part of Bangladesh. The average annual rainfall is about 3000 mm with heavy rainfall is usually observed during the rainy season like other parts of Bangladesh. Several rivers are flowing through the heart of this district including Brahmaputra, Dharla, Tista, Sonaburi, Jinjiram etc. with numerous chars (Char is a Bangla word and it means "island") provide unique pasture resource for the development of livestock industry including buffaloes. Moreover, buffaloes are popularly used for drought purposes in these char area because of poor transport system.

Sampling and Selection of water buffaloes The investigation took place between November 2007 and October 2008. Two hundred and thirty six water buffaloes were selected randomly from different chars of the study area. During collection of fecal samples the age and sex of the buffaloes and seasons of the year were carefully recorded. Seasons were considered as summer (March-June), rainy (July-October) and winter (November-February).

Collection and examination of faecal sample The faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of the animals. Before collection, the animals were restrained properly and all possible hygienic measures including wearing of apron, hand gloves and gumboot were taken to avoid contamination. Fresh faecal samples were also collected from the ground when the animals were found in the act of defecation. About 20-25 grams of faeces were collected from each buffalo. Each sample was kept in separate polythene bag, tied carefully and numbered properly and the samples were preserved in 10% formalin. The correctly labeled and properly numbered polythene bags containing the faecal samples with all required information were brought to the laboratory and examined. The fecal samples were examined by Modified Stoll’s Dilution Technique which was following for total egg/cyst count per gram of faeces (EPG) as described by Soulsby (1982).

Statistical analysis Statistical analyses were carried out by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) using F test. Odd ratio was calculated according to the formula given by Schlesselman (1982).

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(1): 103–109, 2011 ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of the present investigation indicated that the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in water buffaloes is very common and quite severe irrespective of the age and sex of the buffaloes and seasons of the year. It is imperative that integrated strategies and measures be taken to control gastrointestinal parasitic infections in buffaloes in kurigram district and elsewhere in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal