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Combining Ability Estimates of Tomato (solanum Lycopersicum) in Late Summer

Shahabuddin Ahmad
Olericulture Division, Horticultural Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

A.K.M. Quamruzzaman
Olericulture Division, Horticultural Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M. Nazim Uddin
Olericulture Division, Horticultural Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Combining ability effects were estimated for yield, yield components and plant height in a 8 x 8 diallel analysis excluding reciprocals. The variances for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant indicating the presence of additive as well as non-additive gene effects in the traits studied. The relative magnitude of these variances indicated that additive gene effects were more prominent for all the characters. The tomato genotype P1 proved to be the best general combiner for yield followed by P2. In general, the cross P1 x P3 followed by cross P4 x P6 proved better for yield per plant and also for number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight and days to 50% flowering.

Keywords: Combining ability, Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-07-2006

End Date: 00-11-2006

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Tomato, Combining ability

Objectives:

In the tropics, the tomato is normally grown during the cool season because high temperature in the hot season prevents fruit set. Temperatures higher than 34/200 C (day/night) or 4 hour treatment of 400 C before anthesis for 9 days usually cause blossom drop in most varieties (El-Ahmadi and Stevens, 1979). Genetic information of tomatoes in this respect under the hot humid conditions of Bangladesh is not available. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to generate information for identification of good general and specific combiners for the improvement of yield and its attributes.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur during the months of July to November 2006. The average minimum and maximum temperatures during the crop period were 25.50 C and 32.20 C respectively. The mean minimum and maximum relative humidities were 80.3% and 93.3% respectively. A diallel cross of 8 x 8 excluding reciprocals was carried out involving eight parental lines viz., P1 (TM051), P2 (TM053), P3 (TM017), P4 (TM026), P5 (TM025), P6 (TM041), P7 (TM044), P8 (TM002). Seeds of the eight selfed parents and their twenty-eight F1 hybrids were sown in seed bed on 16th July 2006. Then at the age of 35 days, seedlings were transplanted in the main experimental plots. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Thirty-six genotypes (28 F1`s + 8 parents) of tomato were considered as treatments of the experiment. The unit plot size was 5.0m x 1.0m and the plants were spaced 50cm on row. Each unit plot contained single row accommodating 10 plants where data were collected from randomly selected 5 plants leaving 2 border plants. The experimental plots were covered by transparent polytunnel with minimum interruption of photosynthesis. The polytunnels were 2.3 meter wide having two 1.0 meter wide beds with 30 cm drain in between, which serves as irrigation channel. The tunnels were used to protect the plants from high rainfall. All the sides of tunnel were open for good aeration. The recommended dosage and method of application of manure and fertilizers were used. Weeding and mulching were done followed by top-dressing and irrigation at 15 days interval. Data on days to 50% flowering, flowers per cluster, fruit set (%), fruit clusters per plant, fruits per plant, individual fruit weight (g), yield per plant (g), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), branches per plant, plant height (cm), seeds per fruit, brix (%) and viable pollen grain (%) were recorded. All the quantitative data taken were subjected to ANOVA. Combining ability analysis of the traits with significant genotypic differences was done according to the Model 1 and Method 2 of Griffing (1956a, b). This analysis partitioned the variation due to genotypic differences into general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 7 (1), 43-56: 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The variances for general combining ability and specific combining ability were highly significant which indicates the presence of additive as well as nonadditive gene effects. The relative magnitude of these variances indicated that additive gene effects were more prominent for all the characters under study. The tomato genotype P4 was the best general combiner for early flowering followed by P8 while P1 proved to be the best general combiner for higher yield followed by P2. In general, the cross P1 x P3 followed by cross P5 x P6 showed higher negative values for early flowering while the cross P1 x P3 followed by cross P4 x P6 proved better for higher yield and also for number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight and days to 50% flowering. So the selected general combiner parents and specific combiner crosses may be selected for better parents and F1s respectively for early higher yielder for late summer tomato cultivation in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal