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Effect of Deficit Irrigation to Wheat on Raised Bed (2015--2016)

R. ZAMAN
ScientificOfficer (Agril. Engg.), RARS, Ishurdi, Pabna

A. R. AKANDA
Chief Scientific Officer, IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

S. K. BISWAS
Senior Scientific Officer, IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

M. R. KARIM
Scientific Officer, OFRD, Pabna

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted during the rabi season, 2015-16, at the Regional Agricultural Research station of BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna to find out the water requirements of wheat on raised bed and to relate soil moisture content with the progression of the crop season. This study consists of the treatments, T₁ = Irrigations up to 100% FC at CRI, booting and grain filling stages (flat land), T₂ = Irrigations up to 100% FC at CRI, booting and grain filling stages on the raised bed, T₃ = Irrigations up to 80% FC at CRI, booting and grain filling stages on raised bed and T₄ =Irrigations up to 60% FC at CRI, booting and grain filling stages on the raised bed. The experiment was laid out in an RCB design with three replications. The result showed that a significant effect of irrigation treatments on plant height, spike per m², grains per spike, and grain yield. The highest grain yield (4.91 t/ha) was obtained from treatment T₂, irrigations up to 100% FC at CRI, booting, and grain filling stages on the raised bed which used 301 mm of seasonal water over-irrigation up to 100% FC at the same stages on flat land where 308 mm of seasonal water was used. On the raised bed, the highest grain yield (4.14 t/ha) was obtained with 80% deficit irrigation at the expense of 288 mm of water. However, irrigation up to 60% of field capacity used seasonal water of 277 mm and produced a yield of 3.38 t/ha with no significant difference with that irrigated at 80% of FC. On comparing raised bed to flat land wheat yield at full irrigation condition increased about 19% to 23.68% with 10.31% saving of irrigation water. With 20% deficit irrigation, the use of water was reduced by 22.86% while yield was increased by 4.28%. But at 40% of full irrigation, water use was reduced by about 29.14% whereas the yield was decreased by about 14.86%. The rate of daily evaporation was found to vary directly with the rise of temperature and decrease in humidity during the crop season.

Keywords: Water productivity, Irrigation, Raised beds, Deficit irrigation.

Location: Regional Agricultural Research station of BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date: 00-00-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Irrigation scheduling, Wheat

Objectives:

This experiment was conducted to generate information about water use and water productivity of irrigation on flat land as well as on raised beds with particular emphasis on deficit irrigation.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research station of BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna, during the rabi season of 2015-16. The soil of the experimental site was clay loam having a field capacity of 28.5%, permanent wilting point, 13%, and bulk density, 1.49 g cm-³. Four irrigation treatments were assigned to a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Seeds of BARI Gom-28 were sown in plots of size, 7 × 7.5 m, on a raised bed of 40cm base width, 20cm top width, and 15 cm height maintaining 20cm distance between two beds. A bed planter was used to make beds. The following irrigation treatments were used in the experiment:

T₁ = Irrigations up to 100% FC at CRI, booting and grain filling stages (flat land)

T₂ = Irrigations up to 100% FC at CRI, booting and grain filling stages on raised bed

T₃ = Irrigations up to 80% FC at CRI, booting and grain filling stages on raised bed

T₄ = Irrigations up to 60% FC at CRI, booting and grain filling stages on raised bed

Seeds were sown on 24 November 2015 and the crop was harvested on 13 March 2016. Soil moisture depletion was determined by estimating soil moisture content. The crop root-zone was divided into 3 profiles viz., 0-15, 15-30, and 30-45cm. Soil samples were collected from these 3 profiles with the help of an Augur. The fresh weight of the soil sample was recorded immediately with the help of a portable weighing balance. After being weighed, the samples were stored in a soil sampling core which was then placed in an electric oven for 24h at 105°C. The dry weight of the soil sample was recorded after oven dry. Soil moisture content was then calculated. Irrigation water was applied up to field capacity at each irrigation. The amount of water applied to each treatment was calculated on the basis of the soil moisture contents at the time of irrigation. The rooting depth was considered as 45 cm. It is reported that 70 % of total moisture is extracted from the 50% effective root zone depth (Michael, 1996). The seasonal crop water use was calculated. All other agronomic practices were carried out uniformly. The grain yield was recorded after harvest. Water use efficiency was used in evaluating the yield performance and water management practices. The water utilized by the crop was evaluated. In addition, meteorological data on parameters like temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, etc., and daily pan evaporation was also recorded.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2015--2016, Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From one year study, the experiment supports the following observations and will be conducted the next year to verify these results. On comparing the results of raised bed wheat cultivation with conventional farming techniques, it was found that yield increased about 19% to 23.68% and water saved to 10.31%. Besides, under deficit irrigation (20% and 40% of full irrigation), water use on the raised bed could be reduced by about 22.86% to 29.14%. It was found that wheat cultivation on raised beds consumed less water than that of flat land and the maximum water use efficiency/water productivity was obtained for wheat cultivation on a raised bed with irrigations up to 80% field capacity at CRI, booting and grain filling stages.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings