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Photosynthetic Characters, Spad Value and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Traditional Aus Rice (oryza Sativa L.) Cultivars

MIAN SAYEED HASSAN
Crops Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka

ABUL KHAIR
Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. MOYNUL HAQUE
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

ABDUL HAMID
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh during Aus season, 2003. Three nutrient levels and five traditional Aus rice cultivars formed the treatments in the split-plot design. Traditional Aus rice cultivars recorded significantly the highest photosynthetic rate (Pn) in case of high nutrient level (HNL). Pn ranged from 15.11 to 24.14 µmolm-2 S-1 irrespective of the cultivar. Gambir 2 ranked the top (23.08 µmolm-2 S-1) and Goasail was the lowest (17.77 µmolm-2 S-1) for Pn. The SPAD values ranged from 40.27 to 42.35 irrespective of cultivars. Goasail and Gambir 2 were considered efficient to utilize the low level of nitrogen by demonstrating higher SPAD value. Straw nitrogen (%), nitrogen uptake (straw, grain and total) and physiological nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) showed significant differences due to variable nutrient levels at maturity while grain nitrogen % did not show significant difference. Gambir 2, Tarabali and Balam showed significantly higher PNUE. Goasail ranked the top in respect of grain nitrogen content.

Keywords: Oryza sativa L., Photosynthetic rate, SPAD, Physiological nitrogen use efficiency

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-03-2003

End Date: 00-06-2003

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice, Aus, Nitrogen

Objectives:

Besides, one of the important ways to increase nitrogen efficiency is to create or identify cultivars with high nitrogen efficiency. Genotypic variation in nutrient uptake and utilization by plants indicates that selection for such character could be an effective avenue for crop improvement (Yau and Thurling, 1987). Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the photosynthetic activity, SPAD value, and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of traditional Aus genotypes under the limiting conditions of nitrogen.

Methodology:

A field experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur experimental farm during Aus season, 2003. Three variable nutrient levels and five traditional Aus rice genotypes formed the treatments in a split-plot design with three replications. The variable nutrient levels that formed the main plot treatment were i) Control (no nutrient added) ii) MNL (Moderate nutrient level=34N:5P:5K kg/ha); iii) HNL (High nutrient level= 46N:8P:12K kg/ha). Five diverse genotypes were Goasail - V1 from Comilla district, Balam - V2 from Sylhet district, Tarabali - V3 from Sylhet district, Sada boro - V4 from Faridpur district and Gimbir 2 - V5 from Dinajpur district.

Seeds were soaked on 27 March 2003 and the sprouted seeds were sown in a well-managed seedbed. Necessary care of seedlings was taken in the seedbed. Recommended doses of P and K were incorporated in the selected treatment plots. Twenty-seven days old seedlings were transplanted in 5 x 3-m plot with a spacing of 25 x 15 cm on 22nd April 2003. Nitrogen in the form of urea was top-dressed at 15, 35 and 55 DAT. The experimental plots were kept clean by hand weeding until flowering. Other intercultural operations were done as and when necessary. For the measurement of photosynthetic rate (Pn) a single plant was transferred to a pot at 10 days after transplanting (DAT). Based on the soil volume urea top dressings were done. Pots were placed in a well-open flat ground. Each genotype had 3 pots.

At flowering SPAD (Soil plant analysis development) reading was taken from the flag leaves. Three measurements were taken from each hill and 3 hills were considered from each plot. A chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502, Milonta Camera Co. Japan) was used for recording the SPAD value. Photosynthetic rate (Pn) and associated parameters were measured using the flag leaves from the pots. Pot with plant was transferred under the illuminated uniform artificial light condition at Physiological Laboratory, BSMRAU. Portable Photosynthesis System (LiCOR-6200) was used to measure the Pn and associated parameters. Total nitrogen content was analyzed from whole plant sample by Kjeldhal method. Total nitrogen uptake and physiological nitrogen use efficiency were calculated using the formulae (Mamin, 2003):

ANOVA was performed and means were separated by DMRT using MSTATC. Besides, raw data were compiled and regression analyses and graphs were prepared using Microsoft Excel.

Source of Information: SAARC Jn. of Agri., 5(2), : 2007

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Traditional Aus rice cultivars showed significantly higher photosynthetic rate (Pn) in higher \nutrient levels. Among the cultivars, Gambir 2 produced the highest Pn rate and Goasail was at the lowest. Goasail and Gambir 2 were considered to be efficient to utilize the low nitrogen level by demonstrating higher SPAD value. Traditional Aus rice cultivars demonstrated the ability to the utilization of native nitrogen by showing significantly higher PNUE in no nutrient added condition.

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