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Growth and Yield of Sweet Orange as Influenced by Timing of Fertilizer Application and Method of Irrigation (2015--2016)

A. R. AKANDA
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

K. K. SARKER
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

M. R. SHAMIM,
HRC, BARI, Gazipur

M.G. SHAHA
HRC, BARI, Gazipur

A. KHATUN
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was carried out at the experimental field of Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur to determine the appropriate timing of fertilizer application and the irrigation method on the growth and yield of sweet orange. The experiment was designed with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were: T₁ = Rainfed (normal practice), T₂ = Irrigation at 10 days interval by ring basin method (November-May) with recommended fertilizers applied two times in a year, T₃ = Irrigation at 15 days interval by ring basin method (November-May) with recommended fertilizers applied four times in a year, T₄= Drip irrigation at five days interval (November-May) with fertilizer application at two months interval, T₅= Drip irrigation at five days interval (November-May) with fertilizer application at once in a month. Results of this study indicated that the plant height and stem diameter were observed greater in treatment T₄than in other treatments. Yield contributing parameters (fruit length and diameter) and total yield were found to have an almost similar trend of T₂, T₃, and T₄ but higher than T₁ and T₅. The treatment T₄ with drip irrigation at five days interval with fertilizer application at two months interval performed better in plant growth than other treatments. Seasonal irrigation water use was lower in treatment T₄ and T₅ than T₂ and T₃ in each year. Drip or ring basin method could be an irrigation strategy for sweet orange cultivation due to better plant growth, the number of fruits, fruits length and diameter, yield, and water use. However, this is an ongoing study, and for the third time, the excellent bearing is being observed during the year 2016. Definite conclusions may be drawn after the completion of the study cycle.

Keywords: Fertilizer, Irrigation, Sweet orange

Location: Experimental field of Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date: 00-00-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Irrigation scheduling

Objectives:

This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of newly introduced irrigation methods, the timing of fertilizer application and their potential utility in sweet orange cultivation with the following objectives:

To determine an appropriate schedule and method of irrigation
To find the critical stages of irrigation
To find out the proper timing of fertilizer application to trees for proper growth and fruit yield

Methodology:

A new orchard of sweet orange was established at IWM research field, BARI, Gazipur in 2012. The field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of T₁ = Rainfed (normal practice); T₂ = Irrigation at 10 days interval by ring basin method (November-May) with recommended fertilizer applied two times in a year; T₃ = Irrigation at 15 days interval by ring basin method (November-May) with recommended fertilizer applied four times in a year; T₄= Drip irrigation at five days interval (November-May) with fertilizer application at two months interval; T₅= Drip irrigation at five days interval (November-May) with fertilizer application once in a month. One-year-old grafted saplings of sweet orange (BARI Malta-1) were planted on 14 October 2012. Decomposed cowdung and fertilizers were applied as per treatments. The fertilizers were applied in the dibbling method. Irrigations were done in drip and ring basin methods as per treatments. The growth and physiological data are being recorded. The measured amount of irrigation water is being applied as per treatments. Recommended doses of fertilizers were applied as per the fertilizer recommendation guide (FRG, 2012). Before planting, recommended decomposed cowdung, P, S, and B were applied in the pit as basal dose and mixed thoroughly with the soil 15-20 days before planting of sapling followed by irrigation. For growing trees, the recommended fertilizers were applied in equal splits according to treatments. Fertilizer was applied around the tree up to the canopy spread leaving 50-100 cm from the tree base and mixed gently with the soil followed by irrigation. Irrigation water was applied to each plant according to the treatments based on the pan evaporation method. The amount of irrigation water calculation was done as per Kanber (1984) and Reddi and Reddy (2009). Each plant was supplied with two drippers in the drip irrigation system at the initial stage. Presently, each plant has got four drippers in the drip irrigation system with increased water demand due to an increase in plant age, canopy and root system. The growth data like plant height, stem diameter, and yield were recorded in time i.e., once a month. Adequate plant protection measures were adopted when required. Mean data were analyzed to compare among the treatments.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2015-2016, Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on a three-year study, fertilization at an interval of two months with irrigation at 5 days interval (November - May) through a drip system performed better in terms of plant growth. The number of fruits, fruit length and diameter, and yield was found to have similar trends in treatments, T₄, T_3, and T₂ but greater than T1. T₃and T₄could be the irrigation strategies to obtain better plant growth, the number of fruits, fruit length and diameter, and yield. This is an ongoing study. Most of the trees are now in the bearing stage. Excellent bearing is being observed for the third time. After 4-5 crop cycles, more conclusive remarks on the findings can be made.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings