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Growth, Yield, and Quality of Mandarin and Sweet Orange as Influenced by Different Methods and Levels of Irrigation (2015--2016)

A. KHATUN
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

A.R. AKANDA
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

M.J. UDDIN
RARS, Akbarpur, Sylhet

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at RARS, Akbarpur, Moulovibazar on the existing orchard to investigate the effect of different methods and levels of irrigation on the growth, yield and quality of mandarin and sweet orange. from December 2013 to April 2016. Kamala lines 26,27and BARI Malta-1 were used as the test crops. The experiment was conducted with 6 years (orange) and 4 years (sweet orange) old plantation. The four treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The plant spacing was 4mx4m for orange and 3.5mx3.0m for sweet orange. The treatments were T₁: Rainfed, T₂: Irrigation applied at 10 days interval by ring basin method, T₃: Irrigation applied at 15 days interval by ring basin method, T₄: Irrigation applied through drip system at 3 days interval. The measured amount of water was applied to each plant at several intervals to maintain the soil moisture content at the root zone up to field capacity. In irrigated orange and sweet orange plants, growth was found better than non-irrigated plants. The result revealed that most of the parameters were higher in treatment T₄ where drip irrigation was applied. The highest (1553 kg/ha) and the lowest (501 kg/ha) yields of orange were obtained from treatments, T₄and T₁, and in sweet orange, 8449 kg/haand2335 kg/ha, from the treatments T₄and T₁, respectively. The highest yield was obtained from treatment T₄, (Drip irrigated treatment)which resulted in higher water productivity (5.55 kg/m³ for orange and 12.83 kg/m³for sweet orange) but the minimum values were obtained from the ring basin irrigation method (2.43 kg/m³ for orange and 6.49kg/m³for sweet orange). A higher BCR was also observed in drip-irrigated treatment (T₄).

Keywords: Orange, Irrigation schedule, Mandarin

Location:

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date: 00-00-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Irrigation scheduling, Mandarin, Orange

Objectives:

The research will evaluate the effectiveness of newly introduced irrigation methods and their potential utility for citrus production. Thus, this study was undertaken with the following objectives:

To determine an appropriate irrigation schedule
To predict the effectiveness of methods and levels of irrigation for producing high-quality orange and sweet orange

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at RARS, Akbarpur, Moulovibazar on existing orchards from December 2012. The soil textural class was sandy clay loam. There were some collections of mandarin germplasm at that station. Orange lines 26, 27, and BARI Malta-1 were used as the test crops. Plants were selected considering uniform ages. The experiment was conducted with 6 years (orange) and 4 years (sweet orange) old plantation. The combinations of these factors resulted in three treatments distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The plant spacing was 4 m x 4 m for orange and 3.5 m x 3.0 m for sweet orange. Recommended doses of fertilizers were applied. Irrigation drippers were adjusted to5 mm exterior diameter microtubes at 4 m and 3.5 m spacings for mandarin and sweet orange, respectively. . In the case of drip systems, each plant had two drippers. The average discharges of the drippers were 0.32 lits/min. The treatments were:

T₁ = Rainfed

T₂ = Irrigation applied at 10 days interval by ring basin method

T₃ = Irrigation applied at 15 days interval by ring basin method

T₄ = Irrigation applied through drip system at 3 days interval

The measured amount of water was applied to each plant at several intervals to maintain the soil moisture. The first flowering of orange and sweet orange was observed on 17 February 2015 and 15 January 2015, respectively. Orange fruits were harvested on 15-25 November 2015 and sweet orange fruits on10-30 October 2015. . Three plants were selected randomly in each treatment for a collection of data on physiological growth, yield components and yield.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2015-2016, Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Irrigation was given as per treatment combinations. The irrigation application was initiated in December 2013. After three years, the growth of plants, fruit-bearing, and the number of fruits/plants affected by irrigation was observed. The physiological growth of the trees is being occurred satisfactorily. The growth of irrigated orange and sweet orange plants showed more vigorous than non-irrigated plants. Physiological data of the trees during 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 are recorded; yield and yield contributing data during 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2014-2015 are also recorded. Seasonal water use by orange and sweet orange plants under irrigation methods during 2014-2015. In mandarin, irrigation methods did not show any significant effect on base girth in the years of study, and plant height showed significant effect due to irrigation only in 2015-2016. The highest plant height (421 cm) was observed in treatment T₂. In the case of canopy spreading, the east-west direction showed significant effect due to irrigation but the north-south direction did not show any significant effect due to irrigation except 2015-2016. The highest canopy spreading (E-W direction) was found in treatment T₄ in 2015-2016, treatment T₃ in 2014-2015, and treatment T₂ (N-S direction) in 2013-2014. In the above three years, T₂and T₄ were identical. The lowest canopy spreading, both for east-west and north-south directions, were noticed in treatment T₁. Different irrigation methods had a significant effect on the number of fruits/plants and fruit weight. The highest values of fruits/plant were found in treatment T₄ in 2014-2015 and fruit weight in treatment T₂ in both years. Fruit height and fruit breadth did not show any significant effect due to irrigation. The irrigation methods showed a significant effect on fruit/ha and yield. The highest fruit/ha observed in treatment T₄in2014-2015and the highest yields (1013 kg/ha and 1553kg/ha) were also noted in treatment T₄ for both the years, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015.

This study showed that the mandarin and sweet orange can be grown better under a drip irrigation system. Drip irrigation treatment resulted in higher WP (5.55kg/m³ and 12.83 kg/m³)with minimum value in comparison to that of ring basin irrigation (2.43 kg/m³ and 6.49 kg/m³). The BCR was also higher in treatment T₄, irrigated through the drip irrigation method. Drip irrigation is a suitable method for mandarin and sweet orange in plane as well as in hilly areas for achieving higher crop water production.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings