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Research Detail

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K. K. SARKER
IWM Division, Division

A. R. AKANDA
IWM Division, Gazipur

M. A. HOSSAIN
FMPE, Division, BARI, Gazipur

M.A. RASHID
Agril. Economics Division, BARI, Gazipur

Solar-powered water pumping system plays an important role in irrigation and water management. It is necessary to compare the economic and technical feasibility for crop production to develop a database for irrigation experts, policymakers, farmers, and private entrepreneurs and water management. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the technical and economic analysis of solar, diesel, and electric powered water pumping for irrigation at different locations in Bangladesh. Primary and secondary data were collected through field survey, monitoring and questionnaire survey in 2015 and 2016. A total of 12 samples for solar-powered irrigation systems, 2 samples for solar-powered irrigation with household electrical-grid supply systems, 4 samples for electric-powered irrigation pump systems, and 4 samples for diesel-powered irrigation pumping systems were randomly selected for this study. Other information was gathered from national and international experiences and related past literature.  Five case studies (two solar-powered, two electric powered and one diesel-powered irrigation system) were randomly selected for details economic analysis to assess and compare the benefit-cost ratio (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). The survey study indicated that the cost of pumped irrigation water using panels of solar photovoltaic cells with accessories was between Tk 2,413,010 and Tk 5,500,000 with the panel capacity range from 4.2 kW to 14kW. In contrast, diesel-powered pumping units of capacities between 2.98 KW and 4.48 KW  cost  Tk 25,000–Tk 35000. The costs of electricity powered pumps of capacities, 3.73 KW to 18.65 KW cost  Tk 120,000 – Tk 1,000,000. . The highest gross margin was estimated from electrically powered irrigation compared to solar and diesel-powered irrigation systems for various crops cultivation, while a lower gross margin was estimated from diesel-powered irrigation pumps due to lower gross irrigated area for crop production. Among the case studies, BCR was found 0.10 and 0.05 in solar-powered irrigation and solar-powered irrigation with household electrical-grid supply systems, respectively. IRR and NPV were found negative which indicates that these systems are not economically profitable.BCR, IRR, and NPV were found highest at 1.39, 44%, and Tk 2,00,511 in electric-powered irrigation (centrifugal pump) systems compared with other power sources, which indicates that this system is profitable. Based on existing farmers’ field conditions, as is evident by now, solar-powered irrigation pumping systems require high initial costs. However, an economic evaluation of solar-powered system could be considered in the future for its multipurpose uses such as solar-cum-diesel powered irrigation pumping system for crop production and drinking water supply, electrification to villages for providing lighting, fans, and lighting at the street, water supply for fish culture and other community services like as telecommunication.

  Solar pump, Electric pump, Diesel pumps, Benefit cost ratio
  
  00-00-2015
  00-00-2016
  Crop-Soil-Water Management
  Pump, Irrigation scheduling

The following objectives were taken:

  • To assess the technical performance of the solar pump by using solar  energy
  • To assess the economic benefits of  solar pumps  compared to that of electric and diesel pumps
  • To identify the constraints and compare the advantages or disadvantages of solar pumps with electric and  diesel pumps

 

This study was conducted in Bogra, Gaibandha, Dinajpur, Manikgonj, Mymensingh and Sherpur districts of Bangladesh. The field survey was conducted in 2015-2016. The study depended upon primary and secondary data collection through questionnaire surveys among the farmers who are using diesel or electric operated pumps and solar pumps for irrigation.

Data collection and presentation: Primary and secondary data were collected through direct field survey, monitoring through questionnaires from farmers and companies by researchers. Data were also collected from Upazila agriculture officer, sub-assistant agriculture officer (SAAO), NGO officers and farmers regarding assessment and the management of solar, diesel, and electric irrigation pumping systems. Other information was collected from national and international experiences related to past literature and various websites. Three power sources (solar, diesel and electricity) were considered for existing crop irrigation at different locations. A total of 12 samples for solar-powered irrigation systems, 2 samples for solar-powered irrigation with household electrical-grid supply system, 4 samples for electric-powered irrigation pump systems and 4 samples for diesel-powered irrigation pumping systems were randomly selected for an interview via questionnaire by researchers at different locations of Bangladesh. Technical parameters of the solar, diesel, and electric pumps, like pump’s discharge, existing irrigated command area, irrigation methods, irrigated crops, crops yield, irrigation surcharge cost parameters and return were collected through questionnaire. The overall research methodology was divided into four components: field visit, data collection, techno-economical evaluation, and output analysis. Economic analysis was done to compare the solar pumping system with the existing electric and diesel pumping system for irrigation. Total costs were divided into two parts: capital cost and variable cost. Variable cost (VC) referred to all variable costs including the repair, maintenance and operator’s charge for the pumps. The gross return was calculated by multiplying existing irrigated covered area for crop production by the system of diesel and electric powered system and irrigated covered area with electricity supply at household and fish culture by the solar-powered system with charge. Gross margin (GM) was also calculated by deducting the variable cost from the gross return. In this study, five case studies (two solar-powered, two electric powered and one diesel-powered irrigation system) were randomly selected to analyze and compare the benefit-cost ratio (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). The following equations were considered to assess the BCR, IRR and NPV.

 

  Annual Research Report 2015--2016, Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

Realistic economic analysis of solar-powered irrigation systems is difficult to translate into an accurate long-term cost projection because of the number of complex factors involved in Bangladesh. In this study, some economic parameters were defined and described and some of the methods were used for economic evaluations. Based on existing farmers’ field conditions, the following conclusions can be drawn.

  • The initial cost of solar thermal devices and systems is still very high.
  •  The highest gross margin was estimated from electric-powered irrigation systems compared to solar and diesel-powered irrigation systems for various crop cultivations.
  •  Among the case studies, BCR, IRR, and NPV were found the highest, 1.39, 44% and Tk 2,00,511 at 8.5% discount rate in electrically powered irrigation (centrifugal pump) system compared to other power sources which indicate that electric-powered irrigation pumping (centrifugal) system is profitable.
  • In this study, BCR was found 0.10 and 0.05 in solar-powered irrigation and solar-powered irrigation with household electrical-grid supply systems, respectively. IRR and NPV were found negative which indicates that these systems are not economically profitable.
  • Similarly, irrigation systems with diesel-powered pumps and electricity-powered DTWs (Submersible pumps) were found not economically viable.
  • The solar-powered irrigation system has a good prospect where it can be utilized for irrigation to different crops and its multipurpose uses such as solar-cum-diesel powered irrigation pumping system for crop production and drinking water supply, electrification to villages for providing lighting, fans and lighting at the street, water supply for fish culture and other community services like telecommunication in Bangladesh.

However, this study revealed that solar-powered irrigation pumping systems are not economically and technically viable at this stage in Bangladesh. It might be made viable by reducing the prices of solar panels and other accessories and by providing subsidies to the farmers, especially for non-rice crops. Pumping surface water with solar pumps may be more feasible than pumping groundwater.

  Report/Proceedings
  

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