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Morphological Characterisation of Bulb Formation for Local Onion Cultivars in Bangladesh

M. H. A. Rashid
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. Rasel
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conducted at the Landscaping section of the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from October 2017 to April 2018 to characterize bulb formation for local onion cultivars in Bangladesh. The experiment consisted of three local onion cultivars of Bangladesh viz. Taherpuri, Faridpuri Vati and Shuk Sagar. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Morphological characteristics had a significant influence on local onion cultivars. Plant heights, number of leaves per plant, bulb and neck diameter for bulbing ratios were measured at weekly intervals. A clear difference was observed in plant height in three local cultivars on different days after sowing (DAS). The longest plant height (46.00 cm) was found from Shuk Sagar, while the shortest plant height (38.33 cm) was recorded in Taherpuri. No significant difference was observed in leaf numbers for the three local cultivars. Faridpuri Vati and Taherpuri showed increased bulb diameter, which consequently increased bulbing ratios (2.33 and 2.23, respectively), whereas the plants in Shuk Sagar showed a small increase in bulb diameter and continued producing new leaves, which resulted in an increase in neck diameter and decrease in the bulbing ratio (2.10). Taherpuri showed faster bulb formation (64 DAS) than those of the Faridpuri Vati (71 DAS) and Shuksagar (92 DAS), which showed greater bulb development (size) than to Taherpuri after bulb formation.

Keywords: Morphological characterisation, Bulb formation, Local onion cultivars, Bangladesh

Location: Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-10-2017

End Date: 00-04-2018

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Commodity: Onion

Objectives:

Onion growth and bulb formation are highly sensitive to daylength and varieties used are highly adapted to their local conditions. Though it is one of the most important spice crops in Bangladesh, a limited attempt has been made for its morphological and genetic improvement of local onion cultivars. Better knowledge on morphological diversity could help long-term and sustainable improvements of local onion cultivars in Bangladesh in respect of productivity and nutritional quality. In this study, three local onion cultivars are expected to show considerable variations in morphological aspects in relation to bulb formation. Therefore, the present research project has been undertaken to see the performance of local onion cultivars of Bangladesh for bulb formation at BAU conditions.

Methodology:

Experimental location The experiment was conducted at the Landscaping section of the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from October 2017 to April 2018. The experimental site was medium-high land belonging to the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain under the Agro-Ecological Zone 9 having noncalcareous dark-gray flood plain soil (UNDP, 1988).

Plant material Onion bulb initiation is photoperiod-dependent and daylength regulation in onion is crucial for adapting new cultivars for growth and development under different latitudes. Local onion cultivars namely, Taherpuri, Faridpuri Vati and Shuk Sagar were collected from different parts of Bangladesh and used for this research.

Experimental design and collection of data Onion cultivars were grown at the Landscaping section of the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experiment consisted of three local onion cultivars of Bangladesh viz. Taherpuri, Faridpuri Vati and Shuk Sagar. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Seeds of the onion cultivars were sown on 9 October 2017. Thirty days seedlings were transplanted at a spacing of 15 cm × 10 cm and the size of each unit plot was l.0 m x l.0 m. Data on plant height, number of leaves per plant, and bulb and neck diameter for bulb formation of the three local onion cultivars were collected 43 days after sowing (DAS) and continued up to 106 DAS at 7 days interval. Bulb and neck diameter was measured to calculate the bulbing ratio to study the bulb formation process of all the cultivars under study. Bulb initiation can be defined as the point at which the ‘bulbing ratio’, the ratio of the maximum bulb diameter at the base to the minimum at the neck/sheath increases to greater than two (>2).

Statistical analysis The morphological data obtained from the experiment on various parameters were analyzed in MSTAT computer program. The mean values for all the parameters were calculated and the analysis of variance for the characters was accomplished by the F variance test. The significance of the difference between pair of means was tested by the least significant differences (LSD) test at a 5% level of probability (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Soc. Agric. Sci. Technol., 15(1- 4):31-36, 2018 ISSN 1811-6221

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study was conducted to characterize bulb formation for local onion cultivars in Bangladesh. Plant heights, number of leaves per plant, and bulb and neck diameter for bulbing ratios were measured. A clear difference was observed in plant height in three local cultivars on different days after sowing. The longest plant height was found in Shuk Sagar, while the shortest plant height was recorded in Taherpuri. No significant difference was observed in leaf numbers for the three local cultivars. Taherpuri and Faridpuri Vati showed increased bulb diameter, which consequently increased bulbing ratio, whereas the plants in Shuk Sagar showed a small increase in bulb diameter and continued producing new leaves, which resulted in an increase in neck diameter and decrease in bulbing ratio. Taherpuri showed faster bulb formation than those of the Faridpuri Vati and Shuksagar, which showed greater bulb development (size) than Taherpuri after bulb formation. The ultimate outcome of the project was the differentiation in morphological characters between different local onion cultivars. Therefore, the beneficiaries of the work will be the onion growers, researchers, and industrials in Bangladesh who are involved in the sustainable onion production and improvement process.

Knowledge Management: Journal