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Morphometrical Analysis of Harderian Gland of Broiler and Native Chickens of Bangladesh

M.R. Jahan
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, MyrnqAingh 2202

M.Z.I. Khan
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

M.N. Islam
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

S.H. Akter
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The Harderian gland is unique for the presence of plasma cells and other immunocompetent cells. A total of 16 chickens of both sexes, 8 from broilers of 30 days old and 8 from native chickens of six months (n=4 in each sex) were used for gross and histological studies of Harderian gland. The present study revealed that the size of the bibbed Harderian gland was varied between the broiler and native chickens. The length and breadth of the Harderian gland in the male broiler and native chickens were found to be higher in comparison to the female chickens. The connective tissue capsule was comparatively thicker in native chicken. The length of the lobule of the Harderian gland in female broiler was significantly higher than the male and it was 706.87±29.88 pm in males and 582.58±36.51 pm in females. The length of the lobule was higher in native male than in the female and it was measured 767.29±12.38 pm in male and 763.66±19.92,um in female. The lumens of the lobules were irregular in both native chickens and in the broiler. In broiler male, the small acini were lined by low simple columnar epithelium and the lumen of the acini wat spherical, however, few of them were elongated and the cell boundaries were distinctly visible whereas in native chicken, the acini were lined by tall simple columnar epithelium and the lumen of the acini were elongated, irregular and narrow, and the cell boundaries were not distinctly visible. The plasma cells and lymphocytes were located in the apical part of these acini and in the inter acinus spaces (interstitium) of the broiler and native chicken. The present feeding will be helpful to interpret the role of Harderian gland in the immunogenecity of broiler and native chickens.

Keywords: Harderian gland, Broiler, Native chickens, Plasma cells

Location: Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-07-2005

End Date: 00-06-2006

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken, Broiler

Objectives:

A very few gross and histological studies have been taken in the chickens of high yielding breed. Moreover, till today no studies have been carried out in native chickens, although, they are scavengers in nature. Therefore, the present work has been designed to study the gross anatomy and histology of Harderian gland of broiler and native chickens.

Methodology:

The present study was conducted on 16 chickens, 8 from broiler of 30 days old and 8 from native chicken of apparently 6 months of both sexes (n=4, in each sex) in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, from July, 2005 to June, 2006. The chickens were purchased from the local market of BAU, Mymensingh. All the chickens were killed by cervical subluxation. After proper bleeding, the heads of the chickens were separated and Harderian glands were collected from the posterior aspect of the orbit by careful dissection using sharp dissecting instruments.

Gross anatomical study Immediately after collection of Harderian gland, the gross morphology such as location, shape, color and size was studied in both broiler and native chickens.

Histological study For histological study small pieces of Harderian glands wet-9 fixed in Bouins solution (Gridley, 1960) for 24 hours. After fixation, the samples were dehydrated in a series of ascending grade of alcohol, cleared in xylene and infiltrated with paraffin. As soon as the infiltration was completed the tissue were then embedded in paraffin wax. The paraffin blocks were sectioned at 6 pm in thickness using sliding microtome (MIC 509, Euromex, Japan). After cutting, the sections were floated on lukewarm water in a floatation bath for stretching and then the paraffin sections were mounted on glass slides using Egg albumins and dried on a hot plate of slide warmer boxes. The sections were then stained with standard Hematoxylin and Eosin methods (Gridley, 1960).

The histological sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin were used to study the capsule, connective tissue septa, lobular structure, acini, lining cells of the acini, and composition of the lumen of the acini. The sizes of the acini were also measured using a calibrated scale. The results were presented in tabular form.

Statistical analysis The comparison in between the gross length and breadth of lobules of the Harderian gland of broilers and native chickens was done by student's t-test (Zar, 1974).

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 4(2): 273-278, 2006 ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, the present study suggested that the Harderian gland even though not a lymphoid organ as a whole, but acts as an immunopotent organ in chickens. However, the Morphometrical variation of this gland in between broiler and native chicken is possibly due to strain differences.

Knowledge Management: Journal