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Study the Water Management for Four-crop Based Cropping Patterns in BARInd Area (2016--2017)

S. K. BISWAS
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

M. SAKHAWAT HOSSAIN
OFRD, Barind, Rajshahi

ASM. M. R. KHAN
CSO, OFRD, Gazipur

A. R. AKANDA
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The efforts were made to study the four-crop-based cropping pattern to find out effective water management practices for maximizing the net returns per unit of area per unit of available water resources in Barind area. Five different cropping patterns: two four-crop-based patterns with the inclusion of a pulse crop such as Mustard-Mung-T.aus-T.aman and Potato-Mung-T.aus-T.aman; two three-crop-based patterns that are the popular practice of the study area such as Tomato-T.aus-T.aman and Wheat-T.aus-T.aman; and one double rice pattern T.aman-T.aus were compared in terms of their total water use, water productivity, and profitability. The study concluded that the cropping pattern with Boro and T.aman rice would not be feasible in terms of water productivity and benefits. Inclusion of vegetable crops-tomato and potato showed potentiality in the study area with the available water resource to get maximum rice equivalent yield (REY), water productivity and net returns. For example, the inclusion of tomato in the double rice pattern increased the total water use (TWU) from 1418 mm to 1954 mm, about a 35% increase, and water productivity (WP) from 0.56 to 1.49 kg/m³; about 166% increase. Of the two four-crop-based patterns, the pattern with potato produced REY of 24.96 t/ha/yr almost double the pattern with mustard (12.70 t/ha/yr), though their difference in TWU was minimal, only 114 mm. Almost in all cases, TWU and REY were found highest under BARI recommended standard irrigation management practices. But the WPs were found higher under deficit water management practices for cereal crop-based patterns, not for the vegetable crop-based patterns. The maximum profitability, in terms of net return and BCR, was obtained by adopting the vegetable crops in the cropping sequence. So, the inclusion of vegetable crops even other non-rice rabi crops instead of boro rice can significantly reduce the irrigation water requirement and increase the rice equivalent yield (REY), WP and profitability.

Keywords: Barind area, Cropping patterns, Water management

Location:

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Cropping pattern, Water management

Objectives:

To find out effective water management practices for four-crop-based cropping patterns which will enhance the sustainability of crop production with limited water resources in Barind area.

Methodology:

The study was initiated during the rabi season of 2015-2016 in Barind area of Rajshahi. The soil of the study area is loam - clay loam with an average field water-holding capacity of 29.5 % and wilting point of 14.5%. Soil bulk density in the 0 to 60 cm depth ranges from 1.31 to 1.43 g/cc, with a weighted average of 1.39 g/cc. A typical dry climate with comparatively high temperature prevails in Barind area. Temperature ranges from a minimum of 8^oC in the winter to a maximum of 44^oC in the summer. More than 85% of the total rainfall occurs from mid-June to October and the magnitude of annual rainfall varies from 1500 mm to 2000 mm. Five different cropping patterns with seven principal crops of that region were selected as rotation crops, including T.Aman, boro, mungbean, wheat, mustard, potato and chickpea. Mungbean, a popular fallow crop, was included in three cropping patterns. The irrigation schedule of different crops with their sowing/transplanting and harvesting date are presented in Table 1. All crops were grown in the following sequences starting with rabi crops as Mustard-Mung-T.Aus-T.Aman, Potato-Mung-T.Aus-T.Aman, Tomato-Boro-Fallow-T.Aus and Wheat-Fallow-T.Aus. Another pattern Boro-Fallow-T.Aman was tested as a control treatment. For each crop, recommended doses of fertilizers were used and standard cultural practices were followed. Crops were sown immediately after harvesting of T. Aman with a view to save water for irrigation with effective utilization of profile soil moisture. Each crop was grown on a 5 m x 4 m plot with three replications. The growing period for the wheat crop was Nov-March, for potato Nov-February, for mustard Oct/Nov-January and for boro rice December-April. At maturity, all crops were harvested manually to determine grain yield and aboveground biomass. Soil water content was monitored at 15 cm incremental depth to 60 cm depth for wheat and mustard, and to 45 cm depth for potato before and after irrigation. The soil moisture content at sowing and at harvest was monitored to find out the amount of profile soil moisture contributing to crops. Boro rice was transplanted after harvesting tomato in January and harvested in April. Water-saving AWD technology was used for irrigation scheduling of boro rice. Water-use efficiency (WUE), expressed as grain yield or biomass production per unit ET was calculated for each crop. Data on the yield of each crop was recorded and statistically analyzed using MSTATC programme and treatment means were compared by DMRT at 0.05 probability. Water-saving AWD technology was used for irrigation scheduling of boro rice. Water-use efficiency (WUE), expressed as grain yield or biomass production per unit ET was calculated for each crop. Data on the yield of each crop was recorded and statistically analyzed using MSTATC programme and treatment means were compared by DMRT at 0.05 probability.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2016-2017, Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Rice equivalent yield and water productivity were greatly influenced not by the four-crop in a pattern, but by the inclusion of vegetable crops in the pattern. Mustard-Mung-T.aus-T. aman cropping pattern produced the REY of 12.70 t/ha/yr with TWU of 1386 mm while Potato-Mung-T.aus-T. aman pattern produced the REY of 24.96 t/ha/yr, almost double the pattern with mustard, with TWU of 1500 mm. Three-crop-based pattern with boro rice that is Tomato-Boro-T.aus was the highest water user to produce the highest REY of 29.09 t/ha/yr with the TWU of 1954 mm. The second highest REY of 24.96 t/ha/yr and the highest WP of 1.67 kg/m³ was obtained from Potato-Mung-T.aus-T. aman cropping pattern. Among the pattern studied, the vegetable crops-based pattern had a higher net return and BCR than the cereal crops-based pattern and the rice-rice pattern gave the least return and BCR. Therefore, the inclusion of vegetable crops even non-rice rabi crops instead of boro rice can significantly reduce the irrigation water requirement in the dry season and increase the rice equivalent yield (REY) without having any effect on the farm's income.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings