Agricultural Research Management Information System

Home
Research Summary
Search
About Us
- ARMIS
- Brochure
Contact Us
Report
User Request
Data Input
Help
- Operation Manual
  - PDF
  - Video
- Program Area & Commodity
We have reached 37600 number of research entries at this moment.

- Logout

Research Detail

Home
Research
Detail

Conjunctive Use of Fresh and Saline Water Irrigation for Sunflower in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh (2016--2017)

Scientists
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Conjunctive use of fresh (non-saline: pond water) and saline water (medium saline: canal water) for irrigation is a strategy to irrigate rabi crops in the coastal salt-affected areas of Bangladesh where freshwater is not available. Therefore, the experiments were conducted during 2016-2017 at the farmers' field of the village of Pankhali at Dacope, Khulna and Sikandorkhali at Amtali, Barguna under the ACIAR-KGF project at salt-affected coastal regions of Bangladesh. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the effect of soil moisture, salinity, osmotic pressure, pH and plant biomass at different growth stages, (ii) to assess the effect of fresh and saline water irrigation on the crop performances, water use and water productivity and (iii) to find out the scope of saline and freshwater irrigation for sunflower crop cultivation. The experiments were carried out in two farmer’s fields at Pankhali and three farmers’ fields with six irrigation treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments were: T₁: 2 IR at the vegetative and flowering stage with FW, T₂: 2 IR given at vegetative with FW and flowering stage with SW, T₃: 2 IR given at vegetative with FW and grain filling stage with SW, T₄: 3 IR at vegetative, flowering and grain filling stage with FW, T₅: 3 IR at vegetative with FW and flowering and grain filling stage with SW, T₆:3 IR at vegetative and flowering with FW and grain filling stage with SW. Results showed that the conjunctive use of fresh water at early growth stages and saline water at later growth stages had no significant difference among the treatments at both locations of Dacope, Khulna and Amtali, Barguna. The trend of soil water contents increased or decreased at the mid growing season of crop and decreased from sowing (37%) (December 2016) to harvest (29%) (March 2017) among the treatments in 60 cm profile with 15 cm increments due to proper utilization soil moisture by the plants. Salt accumulation at the end of the growing season was not substantially increased among the treatments compared to the beginning of the crop season. The highest changes in soil salinity occurred at the end of the growing season on average 9.62 dS/m (February 2017) compared to the beginning of the growing season on average 5.32 dS/m (December 2016) in 60 cm soil profiles. On average, the osmotic potential ranged in all treatments was -200 kPa to -344 kPa from sowing to harvest, respectively. The changes in soil pH occurred on average 7.8 to 8.2 in the soil profiles during the growing season. Plant biomass was lower in treatments of T1 and T2 than the treatments of T₄, T_5, and T₆ in both locations. The seed yield of sunflower ranged was found 2.33 to 2.53 t/ha at Dacope and 1.65 to 1.93 t/ha at Amtali. In treatment, T₆ produced seed yield of sunflower 2.53 t/ha at Dacope and 1.93 t/ha at Amtali. Seasonal crop water use ranged from 194 mm (T₂) to 249 mm (T₅) with an average of 223 mm at Dacope and from 219 mm (T₂) to 264 mm (T₅) with an average of 248 mm at Amtali. Water productivity of sunflower under different irrigation treatments ranged from 0.94(T₄) to 1.27 kg/m³ (T₁) with an average of 1.12 kg/m³ at Dacope and from 0.63 (T₄) to 0.85 kg/m³ (T₁) with an average of 0.75 kg/m³ at Amtali. The average water salinity of pond, canal, and river at Dacope was monitored and recorded by 1.21, 2.2, and 16.81 dS/m and 0.47, 4.40, and 12.65 dS/m at Amtali at 10 days interval during the crop growing season. Based on obtained optimum yield, water productivity, and reducing the risk of soil salinity, osmotic pressure, and scarcity of available water, alternative irrigation scheduled and method can be practiced by the conjunctive use of freshwater (low sanity≤0.5 dS/m) at early crop growth stages and saline water (medium salinity≥1.5-5 dS/m) at later growth stages of the crop in coastal saline prone areas of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Freshwater, Irrigation, Salinity, Coastal area, Plant biomass

Location:

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Freshwater, Water salinity, Sunflower

Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of soil moisture, salinity, osmotic pressure and pH at different growth stages of crop
To assess the effect of fresh and saline water irrigation on crop performances, water use and water productivity
To find out the scope of saline and freshwater irrigation

Methodology:

The experiments were conducted during 2016-2017 at the farmers' field of the village of Pankhali at Dacope, Khulna and Sikandorkhali at Amtali, Barguna under the ACIAR-KGF project which is situated in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. The experiments were carried out in two farmer’s fields at Pankhali and three farmers’ fields with six irrigation treatments and replicated thrice.

Experimental design and treatments

The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of two and three irrigation levels were:

T₁ = 2 irrigations (IR) at the vegetative and flowering stage with FW
T₂ = 2 IR given at vegetative with FW and flowering stage with SW
T₃ = 2 IR given at vegetative with FW and grain filling stage with SW
T₄ = 3 IR at vegetative, flowering and grain filling stage with FW
T₅ = 3 IR at vegetative with FW and flowering and grain filling stage with SW
T₆ = 3 IR at vegetative and flowering with FW and grain filling stage with SW.
Before crop sowing, soil samples were randomly collected from the desired depth (0-60 cm) of the experimental plots to determine the soil physical and chemical properties at the farmers' field of the village of Pankhali at Dacope, Khulna and Sikandorkhali at Amtali, Barguna under the ACIAR-KGF project sites. The physical properties of field capacity (%), percentage of clay and silt and soil texture were determined from the Soil Science Laboratory, BARI, Gazipur. The percentage of organic matter (OM), p^H, total nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), sulpher (S), zinc (Zn) and Boron (B) were also determined in the Soil Science Laboratory, BARI, Gazipur. All chemical properties were found greater than critical values. The results of the selected soil properties of the experimental plots. The bulk density and initial gravimetric soil water content and soil salinity were measured in both locations. Soil was collected from each treatment to monitor soil moisture and soil salinity, osmotic potential and pH dynamics at different growth stages and soil profiles. Soils were sampled from 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depths at the time of sowing to harvest. The Electrical conductivity of EC_1:5was determined and converted to actual salinity EC_e of soil water content (dS/m) while using the formula derived from Richards, 1954; Rengasamy, 2010; Devokota et al., 2015 and Martius et al, 2015). Field soil gravimetric moisture content was determined. The soil samples were taken from each plot in 15 cm increments, well-mixed together, subsampled, weighed, dried at 105^oC, and reweighed to determine gravimetric moisture content. EC_1:5was also converted to osmotic potential (kPa) of field soil solution using the formula derived from Rengasamy, 2010. P^H was also monitored. EC_1:5and pH were determined using the portable instrument of water and soil conductivity meter with sensor probes that can be inserted directly into the soil solution. Plant biomass was measured at different intervals during the crop growing season. For plant biomass estimation, plant samples were randomly selected for each treatment. Plant biomass was collected on 25, 50-55, 79-85 and 106 DAS (harvesting at Dacope) an20 d 127 DAS (harvesting at Amtali) during 2016-17. The roots (soil volume: 20 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm) were collected and cleaned and washed with clean water. The dry matter of root, stem, and leaf (except sunflower head and grains at harvest) were dried in the oven at 60⁰C until a constant weight was reached and expressed in g/m². The water salinity of pond, canal, and river at both locations of Dacope and Amtali, and water salinity of tubewell only at Amtali was monitored at 10 days intervals during the crop growing season. Three measuring points of the canal (near to the river, middle of the canal and endpoint of the canal) were considered for measuring the water salinity at 10 days intervals from each site. Three tubewell and ponds were also selected for measuring the water salinity at 10 days intervals. Data on yield attributes, crop yield and water productivity were statistically analyzed to test the effects of irrigation levels and methods using R software version 3.1.2. All the treatment means were analyzed and compared for any significant differences using R-statistical models at 5% (P≤0.05) probability level of significance

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2016-2017, Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on one year study, the following conclusions were supported by the present study in the coastal salt-affected areas of Bangladesh. Irrigation and soil moisture utilization techniques were more effective for increasing plant growth and yield in both locations. Proper irrigation practices can increase crop growth and yield by avoiding water stress and suppressing the build-up of soil salinity. In order to obtain high yield and maintain an acceptability high level of water productivity and reducing the risk of soil salinity, osmotic pressure and scarcity of available water, alternative irrigation scheduled and method can be practiced for rabi crop cultivation by the conjunctive use of freshwater (low sanity≤0.5 dS/m) at early crop growth stages and saline water (medium salinity≥1.5-5 dS/m) at later growth stages of the crop in coastal areas of Bangladesh.

However, further studies are needed to continue and expansion of rabi crops in coastal salt-affected areas of Bangladesh where freshwater (non-saline) is not adequate for rabi crops cultivation in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings