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Production of Thai Sharpunti (puntius Gonionotus Bleeker) in Polyculture with Carps Using Low-cost Feed

A.H.M. Kohinoor
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh

M.S. Islam
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh

N. Begum
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh

M.G. Hussain
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effectiveness of duckweed and rice bran as a low-cost supplementary feed was compared through a six months production trial of rajpunti (Barbodes gonionotus) with carps. Six earthen ponds of 360 m² each were used for the trial. Three ponds received duckweed, while the other three received rice bran as supplementary feed. Fish biomass after six months of rearing increased to an average of 2,056 kg/ha in ponds that received duckweed and 2,056 kg/ha in rice bran treated ponds. The net profit with duckweed and rice bran worked out to Tk. 69,752 and Tk. 73,480 kg/ha, respectively. This study revealed that duckweed is a low-cost supplementary feed, particularly for farmers with limited income.

Keywords: P. gonionotus, Silver carp, Common carp, Polyculture, Duck weed

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Carp fish, Feed

Objectives:

To evaluate the efficacy of duck-weeds (Lemna spp.) as a low-cost supplementary feed.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out from October'93 through March'94 in six ponds of 360 m² each, with an average water depth of 90 em. Fingerlings of rajpunti (Barbodes gonionotus), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var specularis) were uniformly stocked in ponds at a stocking density of 20,000, 1,000 and 1,000/ha, respectively. Duckweed was given as supplementary feed in three ponds (T-I) while rice bran was used in the second treatment (T-Il). In both treatments, fertilization was done with cow dung at fortnightly intervals at a rate of 1,000 kg/ha. The ponds we~e prepared by draining and application of lime to the pond bottom at the rate of 250 kg/ha. Three days after the application of lime, ponds were filled with groundwater and fertilized with cattle manure at the rate of 750 kg/ha. Five days after the application of cattle manure, inorganic fertilizers- urea and TSP was applied 8 and 17 kg/ha, respectively. Five days after the application of fertilizers, fish were stocked in all the ponds. Feeding began immediately after stocking. Rice bran and duckweed were fed at 4-6 and 8-10% of the bodyweight of fish biomass, respectively. Ten percent of the stock was sampled fortnightly, to estimate the growth and standing crop, based on which feeding was adjusted. The important Physico-chemical parameters of water viz., temperature (°C), Secchi disc transparency (em), pH and dissolved oxygen (mg/L) were analyzed every seven days, following standard methods (APHA 1989). The samples of water were collected between 09.00 to 10.00 AM. Plankton samples were collected fortnightly from each of the experimental ponds. Ten liters of water, collected from different locations and depths of each pond, were passed through a plankton net of 25pm mesh size. Filtered samples were transferred into a measuring cylinder and carefully made up to a standard volume of 50 ml. Plankton samples were then preserved in 5% formalin in small plastic vials for subsequent studies. One ml sub-sample was examined under a binocular microscope using a Sedgewick-rafter cell (S-R cell). Plankton cells in 10 randomly chosen squares were counted and used for quantitative estimation using the following formula (Stirling 1985): N = (A x 100 x C) / V x F x L). Where, N= No. of plankton cells, A= Total no. of plankton counted, C = Volume of final concentrate of the sample in ml, V = Volume of a field in cubic mm, F = number of fields counted and L =Volume of original water in litre After six months of rearing, the fish were harvested by dewatering the ponds. During harvest, they were counted and individually weighed to assess survival, growth and production. Statistical analysis of all the data was performed using the Student's t-test (Zaman1982). One-way analysis of variance (A~OVA) was applied whenever necessary, following Sakal and Rohlf (1991).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. Res., 3(2), 1999: 157-164

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The Physico-chemical properties of water in the experimental ponds were: water temperature 17-32°C, Secchi disc transparency 16-50 em, pH 7.1-8.9 and dissolved oxygen 2.0-7.4 mg/L. ANOVA of the mean values of each water quality parameter did not show any significant difference between the two treatments. The temperature recorded in this experiment was found to be comparatively low for the optimum growth of carp as the experiment was conducted during the winter months. Dewan et aZ.(1991) reported a temperature range from 30.2 to 34.0°C (June-August) while Wahab et al. (1996) recorded a temperature range of 28.5 to 31.3°C (August-November) in their experiment with carps. pH is one of the most important factors in the pond fish culture system. Swingle (1967) considered a pH of 6.5 to 9.0 as satisfactory for fish culture. Ali et al. (1982) observed a pH range of 7.5 to 9.5 in a freshwater pond at the BAU campus. In this experiment, pH ranged from 7.1 to 8.9 which indicates that the ponds were conducive for fish culture. Transparency of ponds was high in January and low in December. The present study indicates that the use of duckweed in lieu of rice bran as a supplementary feed can give economically satisfactory results, though the net benefit and production per hectare are lower with duckweed. However, it appears to be a viable alternative to rice bran as a supplementary feed for polyculture of rajpunti and carps particularly for farmers who do not have easy access to rice bran.

Knowledge Management: Journal