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A Study on Prevalence of Ecto- and Endo-parasitic Infection of Cattle at Savar, Dhaka

M.Z. Hassan
Corresponding author:
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh.

M.M. Rahman
Conservation and Improvement of Native Sheep Through Community & Commercial Farming Project, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341.

M.Z. Ali
Conservation and Improvement of Native Sheep Through Community & Commercial Farming Project, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341.

M.A. Yousuf
Conservation and Improvement of Native Sheep Through Community & Commercial Farming Project, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341.

M. Hasan
Conservation and Improvement of Native Sheep Through Community & Commercial Farming Project, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341.

S. Akther
Goat and Sheep Production Research Division, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341.

M.H. Rahman
Goat and Sheep Production Research Division, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341.

M.A. Islam
Research on FMD and PPR in Bangladesh, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341.

A.Hossen
System Research Division, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341.

M.F.R. Mondal
Upazila Livestock Office, Savar, Dept. of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A prevalence study was conducted to observe both ecto-and endo-parasitic (gastrointestinal) infection throughout one-year surveillance. The study was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 through Parasitology Laboratory, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka. The study considered age of cattle, season and type of parasitic infestation. In the study area total number of cattle population was 2000 in which 500 fecal and 200 ectoparasitic samples was collected considering three respective seasons like rainy, summer and winter. The fecal samples were examined by direct smear method followed by McMaster counting techniques and examined under a microscope. After collection of samples within 24 hours all sample were tested by preserving at 40 C temperature. In clinical observation, the overall prevalence of endoparasitic (gastrointestinal) infection was 68% and ectoparasitic infection was 60%. Prevalence of endoparasite was more frequent in rainy season (52.65%) followed by summer (27.05%) and winter season (20.29%) whereas prevalence of ectoparasite was more frequent in summer (39%) followed by rainy (13.5%) and winter (7.5%) season. The parasitic prevalence load was low in winter season. In endoparasitic infection, the higher prevalence of Paramphistomum spp. (20%) was found in rainy season whereas Haemonchus spp. (14%) and Toxocara spp. (12%) were higher in summer. In cattle, prevalence of Paramphistomum spp. (25.14%) and Haemonchus spp. (18.58%) was higher in adult cattle (above 6 months), whereas prevalence of Toxocara spp. (36.67%) and Coccidial oocyst (23.33%) was higher in calf (under 6 month) than adult animal (above 6 months) of age. The overall prevalence of ectoparasite was 60% and tick infestation was highest (22.5%) followed by lice (17.5%), mange (12.5%) and maggot fly (7.5%). High humidity (above 70%) and temperature provoke high endo- and ecto-parasite infection in the environment and infect cattle as well as other livestock species.

Keywords: Cattle, Ectoparasite, Endoparasite, Prevalence, Seasons

Location: Savar upazila, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-06-2014

End Date: 00-07-2015

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle, Parasite

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ecto- and endo- parasitic diseases in selected area of Savar upazila, Dhaka.

Methodology:

Study Area: The study was conducted from June 2014 to July 2015 through Parasitology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Division (AHRD), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka. Hence five corresponding village-like Jalessore, Jamsing, Vatpara, Pathalia and Kuturia under Savar Upazila, Dhaka was considered for this study. The total cattle population was about 2000 and 500 fecal and 200 ectoparasitic samples through hand picking were collected under three consecutive seasons like rainy, summer and winter. Here, up to six months was considered as calf and above 6 months to 4 year was considered as adult in this study. Sample collection: During sample collection particular data of the animals like, breed, age, sex and general body condition was recorded. Faecal samples (approximately 5gm) were collected directly from the rectum of the cattle and put into small plastic containers, and stored in ice containing cool box and also labeled the sample properly. The samples were immediately transferred to the Parasitology Laboratory, AHRD, BLRI and stored at 4°C temperature until further examination. Both the direct smear and McMaster technique was done described by Urquhart et al., (1996) were performed to screen out the positive samples. Ectoparasites were collected from the different parts of the body of the individual cattle by handpicking. When required ethanol dipped hairbrush was used for the collection of ticks. The point of attachment was smeared with ethanol. Adequate precautions were taken to preserve the mouthparts and appendages of the ectoparasites during collection. Ectoparasites were preserved in 70% alcohol in clean and well stopper glass vials which were labeled properly. Laboratory examination of fecal sample: For the McMaster counting technique super saturated flotation fluid was prepared through mixing 400g Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with 1000ml of tap water. In case of direct smear, small amount of fresh fecal sample (1 drop) was mixed with 1 to 2 drop of tap water thoroughly in a glass slide and large and worse particles were avoided by a cotton strip. Covered the smear was done with coverslip and examination was done under the microscope at 10×objective and also gone through 40×objective. In case of the McMaster technique, 3 gm homogenized fresh fecal sample mixed with 42 ml of supersaturated floatation fluid and double sieved filtration was done. This solution was remaining for 30-40 minutes in a glass beaker. After that, supernatant fluid was dispensed in the MacMaster slide, both two-chamber were examined under a microscope at 10×objective. Identification was done and calculated total number of the parasitic egg as Egg per Gram of Faces (EPG) by multiplying total number of the parasitic egg of two chambers with 50. The parasitic load was graded as 1 to 500 as mild, above 500 to 750 as moderate and above 750 considered as severe infection (Sweeny et al., 2011).

Source of Information: Bang. J. Livs. Res. Special Vol. 21-25, 2018: P. 29-35, ISSN 1022-3851

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This surveillance work gives an outline about endo- and ecto-parasitic infestation in Savar, Dhaka that will be helpful to design a layout for controlling parasitic infestation in this area.

Knowledge Management: Journal