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Water Desalination Using Basin Type Solar Still

Kh. Md. Shafiul Islam*
Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering &Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh

Shuvo Ramo Saha
Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering &Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh

Md. Abu Jafor
Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering &Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh

Md. Abu Raihan
Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering &Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In this study, two types of Basin Type Solar Still (BSS): conventional (CBSS) and stepped (SBSS), were designed, constructed and field experiments have been carried out at KUET since January 2008 to evaluate the production performances of the stills. The average daily productions are found as 3.97, 2.97 and 2.43 lit/m2 -day (1.86, 1.60 and 0.38 lit/day) for the SBSS, CBSS and Tubular Solar Still (TSS), respectively. Whereas, the production costs of water from the stills are calculated as 0.20, 0.26 and 0.39 Tk./lit for the SBSS, CBSS and TSS, respectively. The construction costs are estimated as Tk. 1400, 1500 and 80 per still for the SBSS, CBSS and TSS, respectively. The production cost of water for the SBSS is found 30 and 95% lower than CBSS and TSS, respectively. It is concluded that the SBSS is the most cost-effective than other types of stills considering the economic point of view. As the construction, operation and maintenance of SBSS are easier; it can be used for drinking and other purposes in remote, coastal and arid areas or in an emergency to meet the small scale freshwater demand.

Keywords: Basin type solar still (BSS), Conventional basin type still (CBSS), Stepped basin type still (SBSS), Solar distillation.

Location: Department of Civil Engineering of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Water salinity

Objectives:

The method will serve the community with freshwater reducing the harmful effect. In this study, two basin types solar stills: conventional basin solar still (CBSS) and stepped basin solar still (SBSS), were designed, constructed and field experiments have been carried out at the Department of Civil Engineering of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Bangladesh to improve the production performance of the stills since January 2008.

Methodology:

Two basin types solar still (conventional and stepped type), were designed and constructed using locally available materials. They consisted of a rectangular ferrocement basin with a transparent glass cover on its top and all for sides and rectangular ferrocement trough(s) for storing saline water. Field experiments are conducted using the constructed stills. Daily distilled water production and hourly production of some typical days are recorded.

Source of Information: Journal of Engineering Science 04(1), 2013, 1-9

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is concluded that the production rate of water is higher for basin-type solar stills. Though the construction cost of TSS is low but the water production cost is higher than BSS. Among basin type stills, water production cost in stepped type still is lower than the conventional type. Considering the economic point of view, it is clear that stepped BSS is cost-effective than other types of stills. The production rate of a solar still mainly depends on the intensity of solar radiation, so the production rate will be higher in clear weather than rainy and foggy weather when sunlight is absent. As the construction, operation and maintenance of stepped BSS is easier and can be constructed using locally available materials, so for drinking and other purposes in remote, coastal and arid areas or in an emergency due to natural disaster, it could be a better solution to meet the small scale freshwater demand.

Knowledge Management: Journal