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Occurrence of Schistosomus Reflexus in Neonatal Bovine Calves in Certain Areas of Bangladesh: a Retrospective Study

N Hoda
Upazilla Livestock Officer (Leave/Reserve), Department of Livestock Services- Attached to: Bangladesh National Zoo, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M R Karim
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

P Mishra
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M M Shihab
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M M Jaman
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M R Alam
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M M Alam*
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in calves from January 2012 to December 2016. Occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in neonatal calves was studied in relation to breed, sex and seasons of calving. Clinical signs were angulation of limbs and no abdominal closure. Results showed 8.41% Schistosomus reflexus in surgically intervened cows. The percentage of indigenous calves affected with Schistosomus reflexus was as high as 42.86%, and in crossbred this was 57.14%. The percent of female calves born with Schistosomus reflexus was higher (60.0%) than the males (40.0%). Maximum occurrence (42.86%) of Schistosomus reflexus was recorded in the summer followed by rainy (37.14%) and winter seasons (20.0%). Among the studied areas, highest occurrence was recorded in Mymensingh Sadar (68.57%) followed by in Patuakhali Sadar (17.14%) and Bauphal (14.29%) upazilla of Patuakhali district. However, this study provides some basic information to veterinarians, researchers and farmers about the occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in calves.

Keywords: Schistosomus reflexus, Malformations, Crossbreed, Calves.

Location: Selected regions of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Calves

Objectives:

As there is no previous data on Schistosomus reflexus in ruminants in Bangladesh, therefore, a retrospective investigation was carried out to investigate the occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in new born bovine calves in selected regions of Bangladesh and to study the relationship of different influential factors such as breed, sex and seasons with the occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus.

Methodology:

Study Population During the period of study, 416 congenitally malformed calves were recorded from register book or data sheet. Among them 35 calves were diagnosed as Schistosomus reflexus. The identified calves were categorized based on sex, breed and season.

Sources and Nature of Data The study was carried out based on clinical data sheet or record book with the history and clinical signs suggested to Schistosomus reflexus in newborn bovine calves at BAU and two Upazila Veterinary Hospitals in Patuakhali district. The data were collected and checked manually for obvious inconsistencies, recording errors or missing data. The affected calves were divided into following categories: (a) Sex: i. Male ii. Female (b) Breed: i. Indigenous ii. Cross (c) Season: i. Summer (March to June) ii. Rainy (July to October) iii. Winter (November to February).

Data analysis Descriptive analysis was performed. Data were collected and calculated to determine the occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in the above-mentioned species. The occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus was calculated according to sex, breed and season. The occurrence of surgical affections in the selected areas was calculated.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Veterinary Journal (2018) 52(1-4): 39-45

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.32856/BVJ-2018.05

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Both genetic and environmental factors are recognized as major causes of congenital malformation (Hartley and Haughery 1974; Dennis, 1975). Abnormal development is usually caused either by genotypic or environmental factors, in addition to failure to meet the temporal-spatial requirements of development (Bai et al., 2004). It is worthwhile to point out that the autosomal recessive gene has an effect on crossbred animals and animals born with a congenital malformation (Samad, 2008). The higher incidence in crossbred calves may be due to the preference of owners to inseminate their cows with these breeds. Pure Holstein cattle and the offspring of Holstein with an indigenous cross are more likely to suffer from this congenital defect than the indigenous breed (Kohli, 1999). However, the information derived from this study will increase the knowledge of clinicians to understand about congenital cases and identification of risk factors to promote these malformations, which will help them to take necessary preventive measures against these disorders.

Knowledge Management: Journal