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An Outbreak of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Black Bengal Goats in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M.R. Islam
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M. Shamsuddin
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M.A. Rahman
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

P.M. Das
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M.L. Dewan
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An outbreak of a deadly disease with 100% mortality was investigated in a group of 23 goats, including 20 male kids (1.0 to 2.5 months old) and 3 adult female goats. Several kids died without showing any symptoms. While fully manifested, the clinical signs and symptoms included high fever, ocular and nasal discharge, dyspnoea and diarrhoea. At necropsy, consolidation of lungs was a consistent feature. Erosions of oral mucosa were observed in some full-blown cases. Mesenteric lymphnodes were enlarged. Examination of histopathological preparations revealed proliferation of type II pneumocytes, formation of syncytia and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in the syncytial cells.. Lymphoid depletion was seen in lymphnodes. The homogenates of lymphnode tissue from affected goats gave positive agar gel precipitation reaction with the hyperimmune serum raised in rabbits against the rinderpest virus. In the absence of any similar outbreak in the unvaccinated cattle of a neighbouring shed, the present outbreak in goats with a rinderpest-related virus was diagnosed as peste des petits ruminants.(Bangl. Vet. 2001.Vol. 18, No.1:14-19)

Keywords: Outbreak. Peste des petits ruminants, Black Bengal goats, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Location: Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

The present paper records the clinical and pathological features and immunodiagnosis of an outbreak of PPR in a group of goats living in a confined area.

Methodology:

Case history: The study was conducted on a natural outbreak of the disease in 1995 in a group of 20 male kids (1.0 to 2.5 months old) and 3 adult female goats. The goats were purchased from several rural markets for the purpose of an experiment on reproductive biology. The animals were housed in the shed of the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The weaned kids and mother grazed on green pasture and received additional concentrates. The unweaned kids (<2.5 months old) always remained with the mothers. A group of cattle housed in the neighboring shed was not affected. Neither the goats nor the cattle received any rinderpest vaccine. Affected animals were observed frequently several times a day for signs and symptoms. All animals received antibacterial drugs, fluid therapy and expectorant preparations.

Pathological investigation: Dead animals were subjected to routine necropsy. Gross lesions were noted and tissues from various organs were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. Formalin-fixed tissues were processed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin following the standard procedures for histopathological examination. Impression smears prepared from lungs and heart tissues were stained with Gram's and Leishman's stain to detect the presence of bacteria.

Detection of virus antigen: An agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test was performed for the detection of Morbillivirus group antigen in tissue homogenates using rinderpest virus-specific antiserum. The antiserum was raised in two rabbits by repeated subcutaneous inoculation (1 ml/rabbit) of a tissue culture based live rinderpest vaccine. The primary immunization was followed by two boosters; given 3 and 4 weeks after the primary inoculation. One week after the final vaccination, the rabbits were bled from the ear vein. The serum was separated from the blood, divided into aliquots and stored frozen at –20ºC until required. Preimmunization sera were also obtained from the same rabbits immediately before first injection of the vaccine for primary immunization.

The test antigen was prepared from the mesenteric lymphnodes of affected goats following the methods described by Durojaiye (1992). Briefly, the lymphnodes were macerated using a mortar and pestle to make a 30% (v/v) suspension in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2. The suspension was centrifuged at 750 g for 20 minutes, the supernatant was collected, divided in aliquots and stored frozen at – 20ºC until used.

The AGID test was performed in a plastic petridish containing 3 µm thick agarose gel (0.9% agarose, 0.145 mM NaCl, 0.015 mM NaN3). Wells were cut in daisy pattern; the central well was filled with either hyperimmune antiserum or preimmunization control serum and the peripheral wells with the test antigen. After 24-48 hours incubation at room temperature in a humidified box, the petridish was examined against reflected light for the possible development of a precipitation line.

Source of Information: The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2001) 18(1) : 14-19

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Clinical manifestations of the disease, the gross and microscopic lesions, and the detection of rinderpest virus-related antigen in the lymph node tissues by AGID test suggest that the outbreak in goats was due to a rinderpest-related virus.

Knowledge Management: Journal