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Status and Future Breeding Strategies for Chickpea

M.O. Islam
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

M. Matiur Rahman
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

A. Rahman
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

A. Sarker
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

W. Zaman
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important pulse crop in Bangladesh. Low and highly unstable productivity has limited the expansion of the area under this crop. Local and exotic germplasm has been collected, evaluated, and characterized. Linkages have been established with international institutes. A chickpea cultivar Nabin was released in 1987. It is earlier in maturity and has a larger seed size than local cultivars. Constraints to higher productivity have been identified. Crosses among sources of resistance to root diseases and local cultivars are being made since 1984/85 and segregating populations are being screened in wilt-sick plots. International trials and nurseries and elite breeding lines received from ICRISAT have been tested and selections made. Multinational trials of several of these selections over 3 years have identified ICCL 83007 and 83008 (kabuli) and ICCL 83228, 83107, 83105, and 83103 (desi) as promising. There is a need to expand the program and develop screening facilities for botrytis gray mold, collar rot, and Helicoverpa pod borer. The introduction of extra short-duration cultivars may help fit this crop into different crop sequences and in late sowing. Screening facilities for emergence under limited moisture, drought tolerance and for high-input conditions are required. There is a need to breed for relatively larger seed size and consumer preference, and to produce larger quantities of breeders' seed.

Keywords: Status and Future Breeding, Strategies, Chickpea

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Chickpea

Objectives:

The objective of the present paper is to review past activities and suggest future breeding strategies.

Methodology:

Research Progress in Chickpea Breeding Research on pulses, though initiated in the early 1950s, focused mainly on germplasm collection and evaluation. The chickpea cultivars Sabur 4, Bhangura 45, and Faridpur 1 were identified for commercial cultivation during 1955-1962. Linkage was established with ICRISAT in 1978, and since then BARI has been receiving germplasm, advanced lines, and segregating populations from there. During 1979-81,208 desi-type and 149 kabuli-type germplasm, 149 F2, 24 F4 progenies, and 37 late-sown genotypes were evaluated (Islam et al. 1982). However, no genotypes were selected subsequently. Germplasm collection and evaluation, and handling of segregating materials and trials conducted have been summarized. During 1982-89, 540 germplasm lines were collected from the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). B A R I and I C R I S A T jointly collected 200 local germplasm lines in 1985. Testing of advanced materials from I C R I S A T trials, i.e., I C C T - D S J C S N - DS, and I C S N - D M continues. One chickpea cultivar Nabin (S1) was released in 1987. This cultivar evolved through selection derived from I C C L 81248 of ICSNDS, which was introduced at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Ishurdi in 1981/82. Nabin has a larger seed size and yielded 14% more than the chickpea cultivar Pabna Local and 36% higher than chickpea cultivar Hyprosola. Nabin also flowers earlier than both Pabna Local and Hyprosola.

Chickpea suffers from a range of diseases of which wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), dry root rot (Rhizoctoniabataticola), collar rol (Sclerotium rolfsii), and botrytis gray mold {Botrytis cinerea) are important (Ahmed et al. 1982; Smithson et al. 1985). Eleven species of insect pests have been recorded. Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) is the only damaging pest of chickpea (Rahman et al. 1982). Considering the above factors, BARI changed the breeding approach in 1984. The pulses program was shifted to RARS, Ishurdi in 1984 (Kumar 1984). The research effort is concentrated on the following fields (Kumar 1985).

Breeding for disease resistance (wilt) BARI has been trying to develop wilt-resistant cultivars since 1984. A number of exotic and local germplasm lines have been screened in the wilt-sick plots at Joydebpur and Ishurdi and some resistant genotypes have been identified from both sources. BARI has also been introducing International Chickpea Root Rot and Wilt Nursery (ICRRWN) from ICRISAT and screening this nursery in wilt-sick plots. A few lines have been identified as resistant to wilt. Their yield potential is being tested over locations and years. Some of them may be released as commercial cultivars even though they are not resistant to the root-rot pathogen prevalent in this region. As yet, resistance to collar rot and botrytis gray mold has not been found (Smithson et al. 1985). A suitable field-screening technique against botrytis gray mold is not available. In addition to our own efforts, we look forward to ICRISAT s success in identifying varieties resistant to these important diseases (Kumar 1990). A crossing program involving local cultivars and exotic wilt-resistant germplasm was initiated in 1984 and the segregating materials are being screened in successive generations in wilt-sick plots (Kumar 1985). A good number of resistant F6 families have been selected. This program is continuing, with more local and wilt-resistant germplasm being included. The pedigree method of selection has been followed with emphasis on the higher number of pods and branches per plant, large seed size and wilt resistance.

Source of Information: Advances in Pulses Research in Bangladesh Proceedings of the Second National Workshop on Pulses 6-8 Jun 1989 Joydebpur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

There is a need to expand the program and develop screening facilities for botrytis gray mold, collar rot, and Helicoverpa pod borer. The introduction of extra short-duration cultivars may help fit this crop into different crop sequences and in late sowing. Screening facilities for emergence under limited moisture, drought tolerance, and for high-input conditions are required. There is a need to breed for relatively larger seed size and consumer preference, and to produce larger quantities of breeders' seed.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings