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Status of Khesari Breeding and Future Strategy

M. Matiur Rahman
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Bangladesh;

M. Quader
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Bangladesh

Jagdish Kumar
ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Khesari (Lathyrus sativus L.) occupies the first position in terms of area and production among pulses in Bangladesh. Two hundred and sixty-seven local and exotic lines have been evaluated for their performance and neurotoxin content since 1980. Three of these khesari lines Jamalpur, Pahartali, and Charbadna, were found to be high yielding. Line 3968 was relatively low in neurotoxin content, early in maturity and low in seed yield. Hybridization among high-yielding and low-neurotoxin lines has been attempted since 1984/85. These and some other populations from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARl), New Delhi, are in F2 to F6 generations. A three-location test for the ß-N-oxalyl aminoalanine (BOAA) content of 13 lines showed significant effects for cultivars, environments, and their interaction. The mean toxin content for the lines grown at lshurdi was tower than that at either Joydebpur or at Jessore. Attempts to establish an association of various characters with low toxin content showed low or no correlation. Since no faster and reliable method has been developed so far, it may not be possible to screen large populations. It is suggested that the single-seed descent (SSD) method of breeding may be followed. Screening for BOAA content may be done at F5 - F7 generations only to select individual progenies. In the future attempts will be made to collect more germplasm, to make more crosses, to screen breeding populations for major diseases of this crop, and develop cultivars suitable for seed and fodder production

Keywords: Status, Khesari Breeding, Future Strategy

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Khesari

Objectives:

Research has indicated that it is possible to breed cultivars that are relatively safe for consumption. In this paper, we describe recent developments in this direction.

Methodology:

Germplasm Collection, Evaluation, and Utilization Since 1981, a total of 267 local and exotic germplasm lines were collected. These were tested at Joydebpur, lshurdi, and other places. The lines Jamalpur local, Pahartali, and Charbadna showed high yields but were relatively late maturing. Strain 3968 which was relatively early maturing had low neurotoxin content but also had lower yields.

Hybridization Since the 1984/85 postrainy season 30 crosses have been made between high-yielding local cultivars and those having early maturity, large seed size, and relatively lower-neurotoxin content (Kumar 1985). These populations and some others received from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi (Quader et al. 1986) are in F2 to F6 generations and will be tested for yield and other agronomic traits. The promising segregants will be further evaluated for their neurotoxin content and tested for their adaptability.

Association of BOAA Content with Morphological Traits Attempts have been made to associate neurotoxin content with morphological traits and seed characters. Dahiya (1976) observed that light cream-colored seeds had the lowest BOA A content. Quader et al. (1986) reported that blue-flowered lines had relatively lower BOAA content. Quader et al. (1988) observed that lines having low neurotoxin content were of short duration maturity and low yielding and that high yielding lines had high toxin content. However, Kaul et al. (1986) did not find any consistent association between B O A A content and morphological traits. A wider array of germplasm needs to be studied to establish any such relationship.

Seed Production We have observed substantial bee activity on the khesari flowers, as also reported by Kumar (1985) and Kaul et al. (1986). There is 4-16% outcrossing in this crop (BARI 1986). This is substantiated by the presence of different flower and seed colors in local cultivars, even after they are purified. While this finding can be used in the breeding process, special care should be taken in producing breeders' and foundation seeds.

Future Strategy Priorities in the future include • Collection of more germplasm and its utilization in breeding superior cultivars; • Using the SSD method to achieve large variability for homozygosity, and testing these lines for their BOAA content; • Breeding for resistance to stemphylium blight and downy mildew; • Breeding for relatively short-duration cultivars which suit the various cropping patterns and rotations practiced in Bangladesh; • Breeding for better consumer acceptance; • Breeding dual-purpose cultivars for food and fodder; and • Strengthening linkages with other countries and international agencies working on khesari.

Source of Information: Advances in Pulses Research in Bangladesh Proceedings of the Second National Workshop on Pulses 6-8 Jun 1989 Joydebpur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is suggested that the single-seed descent (SSD) method of breeding may be followed. Screening for BOAA content may be done at F5 - F7 generations only to select individual progenies. In the future attempts will be made to collect more germplasm, to make more crosses, to screen breeding populations for major diseases of this crop, and to develop cultivars suitable for seed and fodder production.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings