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Balantidiasis, a Zoonotic Protozoan Infection, in Cattle and Domestic Pigs

T. R. Paul
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

N. Begum
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Background: Balantidium coli, is a common -opportunistic protozoa of man and animals which causes gastroenteritis. A study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of balantidiasis in cattle and pig irrespective of age and sex. Methods: In total, 200 faecal samples (150 cattle and 50 pigs) were collected during July to December, 2016 in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh and Modified Stoll’s Ova dilution technique was used to determine the B. coli under microscope from faecal samples. The cysts or trophozoites of B. coli were identified based on the morphological features using standard keys. Results: B. coli cysts and/or trophozoites were detected in 103 samples (51.5%), where comparatively high prevalence was observed in cattle (54.7%) than pig (42.0%). Prevalence of balantidiasis was significantly high in adult cattle (70.4%) compared to that of young (40.5%) and calves (31.3%) while the piglet (65.0%) showed high prevalence than the grower (31.3%) and adult (21.4%). In cattle, high rate of infection was recorded in female (58.8%) than male cattle (45.8%) which was statistically insignificant. On the other hand, high rate of infections was recorded in male pigs (54.5%) than female pigs (32.1%). Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study revealed high circulation of B. coli in cattle and pig in Mymensingh district, which poses potential threats to both animal and public health.

Keywords: Balantidium coli, Prevalence, Cattle, Pig.

Location: Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2016

End Date: 00-12-2016

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle, Pig

Objectives:

In Bangladesh, 45.0% and 25.3% prevalence of B. coli was found in buffalo and cattle by Roy et al. (2011) and Rahman and Samad (2010), respectively. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to determine the prevalence of B. coli infection of cattle and pig in some selected areas of Mymensigh district of Bangladesh in relation to age and sex in the study area.

Methodology:

Study area and period The study was undertaken in Mymensingh sadar and Muktagacha upazilas of Mymensigh district during the period of July to December, 2016.

Sample collection, processing and microscopic examination

A total of 200 faecal samples were randomly collected from 150 cattle and 50 pigs irrespective of age and sex from the study area. The age of the cattle was confirmed by examining teeth and counting the numbers of ring of the horn (Rahman and Hossain 1997) whereas the age of pigs were determined by interrogating the farmers. Age of the cattle were categorized into three groups, namely, calf (≤ 1.5 years), young (>1.5 to ≤ 4 years) and adults (> 4 years) whereas pigs grouped into piglet (≤ 6 month), grower (6.5 to 12 months) and adults (>12 months).

After collection, samples were transported to the laboratory of the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for coprological examination to determine the presence of cysts or trophozoites of B. coli using Modified Stoll’s ova dilution technique (Soulsby 1982, Chatterjee 1996). Briefly, 3g faeces was mixed with 42 ml of water to make 45 ml suspension, which is then sieved and 0.15ml suspension was spreaded on slides, covered with cover slips and examined under microscope and total number of cyst /trophozoites was counted. Cysts and trophozoites were determined on the basis of morphological characteristics along with the use of determination keys (Chatterjee 1996). The sample was considered to be positive when minimum one cyst (round shape) or ciliated trophozoite was detected in the microscopic field.

Statistical analysis Statistical analyses were prosecuted by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, version 20) using the χ² test and z-test.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2019). 17 (1): 31- 37 ISSN: 1729-7893 (Print), 2308-0922 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.33109/bjvmjj19fam1

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of our present study demonstrated a high prevalence of balantidiasis in both cattle and pig. The environmentally resistant cysts could be widespread through animal faeces which may serve as a source of infection for human beings. Therefore, proper management of livestock farms must be needed to prevent widespread human damage by B. coli.

Knowledge Management: Journal