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Epidemiological Investigation of Amphistomiasis in Ruminants in Bangladesh

M.M.H. Mondal
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.A. Alim
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Shahiduzzaman
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

T. Farjana
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.K. Islam
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Epidemiological investigation on amphistomiasis through examination of viscera and faeces of 267 cattle, 120 goats, 67 sheep and 36 buffaloes in some parts of flood plains, hilly and coastal areas of Bangladesh during July, 1998 to June, 2001 revealed all types of animals infected with at least three or more species of amphistomes in all seasons of the year. The amphistome species were Gastrothylax crumemfer, Paramphistomum cervi, Cotylophoron cotylophorum; GiOntocotyle explanatum and Hom—alogaster ploniae. Simultaneous examination of 10,404 freshwater snails revealed 9 species of which at least five species namely Indoplanorbis exustus, Lymnaea spp. Thiara tubrculata, Bithynia tentaculata and Gyraulus convexiusculus were detected as the possible intermediate host of amphistome flukes. The vector snails were prevalent rouhd the year in almost all areas of the country except the extreme sea shores. There was a significant (p<0.05) variation in the distribution of the vector snails, Lytnnaea spp, Indoplanorbis exustus and Gyraulus convexiusculus in the different seasons of the year. The G. explanatum mostly in the buffaloes and some cattle while H. p/oniae.occurred in the caecum of some cattle and sheep only. The proportion of immature, young and adult amphistomes in different species of animals varied considerably, more adult amphistomes were recorded in cattle and buffaloes than in sheep and goats. The population density of amphistome was also high in cattle and buffaloes than in sheep and goats, lowest numbers of 50 in a goat and highest numbers of 7,538 in a cow. The burden of mature worms was more in aged animals (>4 years) than in young (<2 years).

Keywords: Amphistomiasis, Ruminants, Epidemiology, Bangladesh

Location: Flood plains of Mymensingh and Dhaka, hilly areas of Mymensingh, Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts and coastal regions of Feni of Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Livestock, Diseases

Objectives:

Many field veterinarians in Bangladesh are now in the opinion that the pathogenic effects of adult amphistomes are much more than is believed. But very little is known about the epidemiology of this disease in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiology of amphistomiasis in ruminants with a view to know the actual status of the adult amphistomiasis in ruminants in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Visceral organs and faeces of 267 cattle, 120 goats, 67 sheep and 36 buffaloes were examined from flood plains of Mymensingh and Dhaka, hilly areas of Mymensingh, Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts and coastal regions of Feni of Bangladesh for amphistome flukes. The samples were brought to the laboratory and processed by following the method of Soulsby (1982). As far as possible the identification of the parasites were made by following the description of Varma (1957). A total of 10,404 freshwater snails of different species from different permanent and temporary water bodies in the areas mentioned above were collected and identified as per the descriptions of Brown (1980). The characteristics of the snail habitats including the presence or absence of aquatic vegetations, depth and pH of water were recorded. Some representative samples of the snails were also examined in the laboratory for the presence of amphistome cerecariae following the procedure of Malek and Cheng (1974). The cercariae releasing snails were placed in the aquarium containing the aquatic vegetation to study the time and site of attachment and encystment behabiour of the cercariae. The meteorological data were collected from the respective areas and correlated with the disease. The various factors governing the epidemiology of amphistomiasis in ruminants were also taken into account as per Armour (1980).

Statistical analysis Data were subjected to ANOVA, followed by simple "t" test to evaluate the significant difference among the observed values for each variable (Steel and Torrie, 1960).

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 1(1): 81-86, 2003

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded that amphistomiasis; whether due to immature or adult amphistomes, is a problem of cattle, sheep, goats and buffaloes in all seasons of the year in almost all topographic areas of Bangladesh beacuse of the abundance of fresh water vector snails. However, special care must be taken to allow livestock in wet pasture during September to November, since a high numbers of cercariae are released in this period from the intermediate host snails and contaminate aquatic herbage easily.

Knowledge Management: Journal