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Effects of Set Size and Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield of Onion

M.F. Mondal
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M.S. Alam
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of three sizes of sets viz., small (2.25g), medium (5.5g) and large (9.00g), and five growth regulators, namely IAA (200 ppm), GA3(100 ppm), NAA (200 ppm), CCC (500 ppm) and a control on the growth and yield of onion cv. Taherpuri. Large bulb produced the highest bulb yield (12.86t/ha) by increasing plant height, number of leaves per plant, bulb diameter and mean bulb weight. Smaller bulb produced higher proportion of single bulbs (62.53%) than larger ones. The growth regulators significantly increased the bulb yield compared with control treatment. Application of IAA at 200 ppm gave the best results on all the parameters except plant height. The highest bulb yield was recorded as 12.57t/ha from the plants sprayed with IAA at 200 ppm. The interaction effect of bulb size and growth regulators was not significant. The combined treatment of large bulb x IAA gave rise to the highest bulb yield (14.23t/ha). The highest gross income (TK. 3,13,060/ha) and net return (TK. 1,67,445/ha) were obtained from the treatment combination of large bulb x IAA and large bulb x NAA. But the highest benefit-cost ratio (2.52) was found in the treatment combination of small bulb x NAA. The effects of growth regulators were found in order of IAA>GA3>NAA>CCC.

Keywords: Onion, IAA, GA3, NAA, Cycocel, Growth, Yield

Location: Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-10-2001

End Date: 00-01-2002

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Onion, Growth regulator

Objectives:

Information on the interaction effects of bulb size and growth regulators are not available in Bangladesh. Considering the above facts, the present study was undertaken to determine the optimum bulb size and best growth regulators for maximizing the bulb yield of onion.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from October 2001 to January 2002. A local cultiver of onion cv. Taherpuri was used in this experiment. Different bulb sizes viz., small (2.25g), medium (5.5g) and large (9.00g) and different growth regulators namely IAA (200 ppm), GA3 (100 ppm), NAA (200 ppm), CCC (500 ppm) and a control were used. The experiment consisting of 15 treatment combinations was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. 'Bulb size was assigned to the main plots and the growth regulators to the sub-plots. The size of each unit plot was 2 m x 1 m. Well decomposed cowdung, urea, triple superphosphate (TSP) and muriate of potash (MP) at the rate of 10 tons, 200, 125 and 180 kg per hectare, respectively were well mixed with the soil. The whole quantity of well-decomposed cowdung was applied to the plot soil just after opening the land. The entire quantity of TSP, MP and one third of urea were applied to the plot during final land preparation. The rest of the urea was applied as top dressing in two installments after 30 and 60 days of planting. Each. top dressing was followed by light irrigation with the help of watering can. Mother bulbs of all sizes were planted in the experimental plots on 26 October 2001. Fifty mother bulbs were planted in each unit plot and the desired concentrations of growth regulators were sprayed to the plants after 30 and 37 days of planting the bulbs. The solutions were sprayed as foliar spray with the help of hand sprayer. Weeding, mulching and irrigations were done as and when necessary. Some of the plants were damaged by mole crickets, which were controlled mechanically. A few plants were infected by purple leaf blotch disease, and it was controlled by spraying Ridomil-MZ @ 2 g/1 of water (Mondal, 1991). Bolting was discouraged by pinching off the flower stalks soon after their appearance. The crop was harvested on 30 January 2002 when the plants attained maturity by showing drying out most of the leaves and weakening of necks. Data were recorded on different parameters from ten randomly selected plants of each unit plot and were statistically analysed.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 1(1): 7-12,2003

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The lowest bulb yield per plot (1.56kg) was recorded in plants grown from small bulb without hormone treatment. Similar trend was also observed in case of yield per hectare. The highest yield per hectare (14.23t) was achieved from the treatment combination of large bulb x IAA (200 ppm), and the lowest yield (7.82t) was recorded from the treatment combination of small bulb x control treatment. The interaction effect of bulb size and application of growth regulators on the yield and yield components of onion was not significant. Nevertheless, the combined effect of bulb size and growth regulator was significant (Table 3). The benefit-cost ratio was found to be the highest (3.34) in the treatment combination of small bulb x NAA at (200 ppm), and the lowest (0.96) was recorded from the treatment combination of small bulb x CCC (500 ppm) (Table 4). The large bulb x IAA (200 ppm) gave the highest gross (Tk. 313060/ha) and the large bulb x NAA (200 ppm) gave the highest net returns (Tk. 167445/ha). But the benefit-cost ratio analysis, the treatment showed the highest profitability (BCR.2.52) combinations from the treatment combination of small bulb x NAA (200 ppm).

Knowledge Management: Journal