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Potentiality of Litchi-fodder Based Agroforestry System in Bangladesh

M. R. Zaman
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M. S. Bari*
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Md. Kajal
Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

H. M. Firoz
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at the Agroforestry and Environment Research Field, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during 2013 to investigate the potentiality of three napier fodder varieties under Litchi orchard. The experiment was consisted of 2 factors RCBD with 3 replications. Among the two factors, factor A was two production systems; S1= Litchi + fodder and S2 = Fodder (sole crop); another factor B was three napier varieties: V1= BARI Napier -1 (Bazra), V2= BARI Napier - 2 (Arusha) and V3= BARI Napier -3 (Hybrid). The experimental results revealed that there were significant variation among the varieties in terms of leaf growth and yield. The maximum number of leaf plant -1 was recorded in variety Bazra (V1) whereas the minimum number was recorded in hybrid variety (V3). Significantly the highest (13.75, 14.53 and14.84 tha-1 at 1st, 2nd and 3rd harvest, respectively) yield was also recorded in variety Bazra whereas the lowest (5.89, 6.36 and 9.11 tha-1 at 1st, 2nd v and 3rd harvest, respectively) yield was in hybrid variety. Again, in case of production systems, there were also significant differences between the two production systems were found. The maximum number of leaf plant -1 was recorded under Litchi based agroforestry system (T1) whereas the minimum was recorded in open condition (T2). Similarly, significantly the highest (12.00, 12.35 and 13.31 tha-1 at 1st, 2nd and 3rd harvest, respectively) yield of napier was recorded under Litchi based agroforestry system where as the lowest (9.73, 10.47 and 11.66 tha-1 at 1st, 2nd and 3rd harvest, respectively) yield was recorded in open condition i.e. napier in sole cropping. Furthermore, the interaction effect of napier variety and production systems were also gave significant deviation result in terms of growth and yield. The maximum number of leaf plant -1 was recorded under Litchi based agroforestry systems with Bazra variety whereas the minimum was recorded in open condition with hybrid variety. The highest yield (14.42, 16.14 and 16.15 tha-1 at 1st, 2nd and 3rd harvest, respectively) of napier was found under Litchi based agroforestry systems with Bazra variety. Significantly the lowest (5.33, 5.79 and 8.48 tha-1 at 1st, 2nd and 3rd harvest, respectively) yield was found in open condition i.e. sole cropping with hybrid variety. In case of the quality perspective, the highest nutritive value (DM, ASH, CP, CF, EE, and NFE) was found in Bazra (V1) and the lowest value was found in hybrid variety (V3). Therefore, the suitability of napier production under Litchi based AGF system may be ranked as Bazra > Arusha > Hybrid variety. Finally, the economic analysis showed that maximum BCR (5.20) was found in the Litchi based agroforestry systems over sole cropping (BCR=4.38). From the findings of the taken investigation, it may be concluded that the cultivation of Bazra napier variety in the floor of Litchi orchard ensures higher revenue to the farmers compared to its sole cropping.

Keywords: Potentiality, Litchi-Fodder Based Agroforestry System, Bangladesh

Location: Agroforestry farm, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date:

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Agroforestry, Litchi, Fodder

Objectives:

We should find out which variety gave maximum benefits under agroforestry land-use systems. Keeping in view the manifold advantages associated with integration fodder grass-like Napier and litchi into agroforestry production system, the investigation was conducted.

Methodology:

A field experiment was carried out at the agroforestry farm, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, on 2013 to evaluate the performance of three Napier fodder varieties in Litchi tree based agroforestry system. The experiment was conducted in newly established five years old Litchi orchard where the spacing of tree saplings was 8 m×8 m. The experiment included three recommended modern Napier varieties viz; Bazra, Arusha and Napier hybrid. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 3 (three) replications. There were 2 factors in this experiment. Among the two factors, factor A was two production systems; S1= Litchi + Napier fodder and S2 = Napier fodder (sole cropping); another factor B was three Napier varieties: V1= BARI Napier -1 (Bazra), V2= BARI Napier - 2 (Arusha) and V3= BARI Napier -3 (Hybrid). So, the treatment combinations of the experiment were V1S1 = Litchi + Bazra, V1S2= sole cropping of Bazra, V2S1 = Litchi + Arusha, V2S2= sole cropping of Arusha, V3S1 = Litchi + napier hybrid variety, V3S2 = sole cropping of napier hybrid variety. Before planting the seedlings of napier, the land was fertilized by using fertilizer as per required doses. Seedlings of napier were planted 01th August 2013 in to the main plots. For collecting data on several plant characters, 10 (2 from each orientation) randomly selected plants were uprooted from each plot before harvesting. Data were collected on the following parameters - plant height (cm), number of leaf, number of tiller plant-1, leaf length, leaf breadth, fresh weight plant-1, fresh weight plot-1 total, yield, air dry weight, oven dry weight and chemical analysis of napier grass. Napier fodder was harvested above the ground level (3-4 cm) after 30days of planting. After 30 days of 1st harvest, the green fodder was harvested again after 60 days of planting. Then third time green fodder was harvested after 90 days of planting and in every cutting, sample are weighted for measuring yield and sample was taken for chemical analysis also. Sample of each treatment were subjected to chemical analysis for determination of organic matter following the methods of AOAC. The collected data were analyzed statistically and means were adjusted by DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test).

Source of Information: Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 2016, Vol. 4, No. 2, 76-81

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI:10.12691/jfnr-4-2-2

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of the present investigation indicate that diversification of farming system and growing napier as ground layers crops in Litchi tree orchard is a viable option for increasing income of farmers. One napier variety like Bazra has been grown successfully as intercrops in the floor of Litchi tree orchard. The presence of tree canopies did not influence on the growth and yield of napier variety like Bazra significantly. Despite some minor negative effects of upper layer tree like litchi on the growth, yield and physiological attributes of napier fodder, still litchi based agroforestry system is beneficial as it ensure higher returns because of diversified products in comparison to sole cropping. Data from the crude protein , crude fibre and other findings will help in further research and analysis to different researchers of the world. From an economic point of view, it was also pragmatic that napier variety Bazra found to be better in case of yield and more remunerative in comparison to other napier varieties like arusha and hybrid napier variety under Litchi based agroforestry systems in this study. From the results and foregoing discussion, it is clear that open field is so good for the production of napier but in avocation of MPTs like Litchi tree it could be grown well. The research will be helpful greatly to the researchers who has an interest to conduct research on fodder based agroforestry system and to develop different feed items of animal to supply nutrients.

Knowledge Management: Journal