Climate change negatively affects ecological systems and human livelihoods, increases vulnerability and therefore needs technologies for adaptation (IPCC, 2014). According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adaptation technology is the application of technology in order to reduce the vulnerability or enhance the resilience of a natural or human system to the impacts of climate change (UNFCCC, 2010). Enhanced technology adaptation is globally recognized as a significant strategy to reduce the negative impacts of climate change. For climate change mitigation, the adoption of climate-smart agriculture technologies is very effective. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defines CSA as “agriculture that sustainably increases productivity, enhances resilience (adaptation), reduces/removes GHGs (mitigation) where possible, and enhances achievement of national food security and development goals” (FAO, 2010). It aims to ensure food security and wide development goals under the climate change scenario and increasing food demand (World Bank, 2017). The CSA practices have the potential to reverse the climate-changing trend due to its triple potential benefits of improved productivity and high income, reduction or removal of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and improved household food security (Wekesa et al., 2018). Moreover, CSA can strengthen farmer’s livelihoods and increase carbon sequestration by creating carbon sinks, and reducing GHGs emissions from agricultural sectors (Raj et al., 2018). Agroforestry systems are well recognized as an integrated practice for sustainable land use besides their contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation (Cubbage et al., 2013; Verma et al., 2014; Schoreneberger et al., 2012; Colin, 2013). Agroforestry is the intentional and integrated management of agriculture and forestry principles to create diverse, profitable, productive, and sustainable land-use systems (Rietveld, 1995). Linkages between agroforestry and CSA promote aspects related to soil health, resource distribution, carbon sequestration, biodiversity, water management and food security (Newaj et al., 2015). Adaptation and use of agroforestry affect climate change by increasing the tree cover outside forests, increasing carbon sequestration, enhancing forest carbon stocks, reducing risks, conserving biodiversity, maintaining soil health, and scaling up to multiple benefits (De Zoysa and Inoue, 2014). Carbon sequestration is one of the most important strategies that could mitigate the consequences of climate change to some extent by incorporating atmospheric CO2 into the long-lived natural pools such as soils and green biomass (Lorenz and Lal, 2014; Srinivasarao, 2017). Both carbon sequestration and CSA are interdependent and different practices of CSA that include agroforestry have the ability to build carbon accumulation in plants and soils and facilitate food security (Raj et al., 2018). Owing to its high potential for building resilience to climate change, sequestering carbon, and strengthening rural livelihoods, agroforestry is one of the most effective components of CSA (Colin, 2013). Twenty-three countries recognize agroforestry as a mitigation priority, whereas 29 as an adaptation priority (CGIAR, 2017), but there is a lack of information on the potential role of agroforestry as CSA in Bangladesh. Moreover, there is very limited data on carbon sequestration of agroforestry systems in the country. Therefore, this paper reviews the available literature with a view to explore the effects of climate change on agriculture and vice versa and to describe the opportunities of the adaptation of agroforestry for climate change mitigation in Bangladesh.