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Improvement of Nutrient Concentration in Rice Grain by Zinc Biofortification

Kamrun Nahar
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. Jahiruddin
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. Rafiqul Islam
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Zannatun Nayem
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh-2220, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted in the research farm at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) to investigate the nutrient biofortification ability of rice grain at different doses of zinc fertilization. In this experiment, two rice varieties (BRRI dhan28 and Binadhan-16) and five doses (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 kg ha^-1) of zinc fertilization were used following split-plot design with three replications. The concentrations of N, Zn, and Fe were significantly and positively influenced by the Zn treatments. The crop varieties did not differ significantly in respect of N and Fe concentrations, but the grain Zn concentration was considerably higher in BINA dhan16 than in BRRI dhan28. The grain N content, as well as grain protein content, increased with the rates of Zn application. Application of Zn increased the protein concentration in rice grain showing that zinc had helped protein synthesis. The grain Zn concentration increased with Zn application rates in a quadratic line which indicates that Zn concentration in rice grain was increased by Zn fertilization, but it attained a maximum value up to Zn6.0 treatment which was a 12.2% increase over control.

Keywords: Rice; Biofortification; Nutrient; Concentration, Zink

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2016

End Date: 00-05-2016

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The prevailing situation makes micronutrient research a promising area of study in meeting the demand for higher food production with enhanced mineral nutritional value in this millennium.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the research field of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh from January 2016 to May 2016. The experimental field is located at 24.75°N latitude and 90.50°E longitude at a height of 18m above the mean sea level. It was a medium-high land. AEZ of this soil is Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (AEZ 9) with silt loamy soil. Before the start of experiments, puddle layer (0–15 cm topsoil) soil samples were taken from five random spots of the field and analyzed for various Physico-chemical properties. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. There were two rice varieties such as BRRI dhan28 (V₁) and BINA dhan16 (V₂) and five Zn treatments such as T₁: Zn0 (zinc @ 0.0 kg ha^-1), T₂: Zn1.5 (Zinc @ 1.5 kg ha^-1), T₃: Zn3.0 (Zinc @ 3.0 kg ha^-1), T₄: Zn4.5 (Zinc @ 4.5 kg ha^-1), T₅: Zn 6.0(Zinc @ 6.0 kg ha^-1). Fertilizers were applied to each plot as per treatments. Nitrogen was applied 140 kg ha^-1 from urea (46% N), P 20 kg ha^-1 from TSP (44- 46% P), K 75 kg ha^-1 from MoP (60% K) and S 15 kg ha^-1 from gypsum (18% S). The one-third dose of urea and the full dose of all other fertilizers were applied as basal to the individual plots during final land preparation. The second split of urea was applied after 25 days of sowing (active tiller stage) and the third split was after 55 days (panicle initiation stage). Zinc sulphate (23% Zn) as a source of zinc was applied to the respective plots as per treatments and mixed with soil prior to sowing. Fertilizers were incorporated into the soil by hand. 34 days aged seedlings were transplanted in the experimental plots maintained 3 seedlings per hill. The plots were weeded and irrigated whenever required. Insecticide and fungicide spray was done to keep the crop free from any insect and pathogen invasion. After physiological maturity, the crop was harvested from each plot. The yield contributing parameters were recorded from 10 plants of each plot. The grain and straw yields were recorded plot-wise and the weight in g plot^-1 was converted to kg ha^-1. The grain samples were dried in an oven at 65°C for about 48 hours and then ground by a mottle pestle. The ground plant materials (grain) were stored in paper bags in a desiccator. The grain samples were analyzed for the determination of N, Zn and Fe concentrations. The N content of rice grain was analyzed following the Kjeldahl method and Zn and Fe concentrations were determined by the following Yoshida procedure. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for various crop characters and also for nutrient concentrations was done using the statistical programmed package STAR version 2.0. Mean comparisons of the treatments were adjudged by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Correlation statistics were performed to examine the relationship between nutrient (N, Zn & Fe) concentrations and zinc rates under study.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research- 14(2): 41-47, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.9734/AJAAR/2020/v14i230129

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Biofortification, the process of adding nutrients to food crops through breeding and agronomic (fertilization) approaches, is important for human health and nutrition. The present study addressed the zinc fertilization approach intending to enrich nutrient concentration in rice grains. Chemical analysis of rice grains showed that the concentrations of N, Zn, and Fe were significantly and positively influenced by the Zn treatments. The crop varieties did not differ significantly based on grain N and Fe concentrations. But, the grain Zn concentration was remarkably higher in BINA dhan16 than in BRRI dhan28. The Zn application is increased the grain N content up to Zn 3.0 treatment and then decreased, but the zinc application linearly increased the protein content. Application of Zn increased the protein concentration in rice grain showing that zinc had helped protein synthesis. The grain Zn concentration increased with Zn application rates in a quadratic line which indicates that Zn concentration in rice grain was increased by Zn fertilization, but it attained a maximum value up to Zn6.0 treatment which was a 12.2% increase over Zn control. As the people of under developing countries cannot afford to supplemented and diversified foods, research, and development of nutrient-enriched biofortified crops should carry out to overcome this problem.

Knowledge Management: Journal