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Genetic Divergence and Heritability Study of Some Nerica Mutant Lines and Their Parents Using Microsatellites Marker and Morphological Traits in Rice

Md. Ashraful Islam
Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Touhidur Rahman Anik
Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Saikat Chandra Dey
Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Mirza Mofazzal Islam
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

New Rice of Africa (NERICA) is a drought-tolerant and early maturing inter-specific rice variety that was introduced in Bangladesh from Uganda in 2009. But the field record of NERICA was not very promising. In order to develop NERICA varieties suitable for agro-climatic conditions of Bangladesh different variations in yield contributing characters are required. In the experiment, physical mutagen treated (250, 300 and 350 Gy Gamma-rays) 18 NERICA mutant lines were selected from M4 to M5 generations along with 3 parents (NERICA-1, NERICA-4, NERICA-10) for morphological and molecular evaluation in order to identify desired mutant lines using 12 yield attributing characters and 3 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We also estimated heritability, genetic advance, and correlation among the studied morphological traits to identify the best traits based on which further selection could be made. Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 12 morphological traits indicated that yield per plant had a significant positive correlation with the number of tillers, number of effective tillers, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, and 1000 grain weight but negative correlation with Plant height and days to maturity. Broad sense heritability (h²) ranged from 71% to 99% while genetic advances in percent mean (GA%) varied from 10% to 60%. Yield per plant, unfilled grains per panicle, number of the total tillers, number of effective tillers showed high heritability along with genetic advance as percent of the mean (GA%) value. A total of 24 alleles were detected by 3 SSR markers. The mean gene diversity and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values were 0.821 and 0.797, respectively. Dendrogram constructed based on SSR markers clustered the genotypes into six distinct clusters. Combining molecular and morphological evaluation data eight mutant lines, N10/300/P-2-3-5, N10/300/P-2-3-5, N10/300/P-2-3-5-2, N1/300/P-2-3-5, N1/300/P-2-3-5, N1/250/P-7-6-4-1, N10/300/P-2(1)-4-1 and N1/250/P-7-3-7-1were selected as desired mutant lines having good yield attributing characters and could be recommended for further evaluation in rice breeding program.

Keywords: NERICA; Genetic advance; Correlation; SSR markers; UPGMA. Heritability

Location: Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The present study was conducted with the following objectives: i) evaluate twelve yield attributing characters of the 18 selected mutant lines and their parents; ii) estimate genetic advance and heritability and determine the correlation among the twelve morphological traits; iii) determine the genetic diversity of mutant lines by using SSR markers and morphological traits; iv) identify the mutant lines which can be used as a parent in a future breeding program.

Methodology:

Eighteen advanced early maturing drought tolerant NERICA rice mutant lines (250, 300, and 350 Gy gamma-ray treated) were selected from M4 to M5 generations along with 3 NERICA parent varieties- NERICA-1, NERICA-4, and NERICA-10 and were evaluated to study morphological and molecular variability. Seeds were collected from the Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. The soil of the experimental site belonging under the agro-ecological zone of Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (AEZ-9; Longitude: 24.7232°N, Latitude: 90.4316°E). The field was medium-high land. The experiment was conducted during the aus (Kharif-1) cropping season. The temperature ranged from 27.4°C to 36°C while relative humidity ranged from 55% to 90%. Seeds were heat-treated in a convection oven for 24 hours at 50°C to break the dormancy. Then seeds were soaked in freshwater for 24 hours. After socking the seeds were placed into petridishes with moistened filter papers and incubated for 48 hours at 30°C to germinate and then transferred to a nursery for proper establishment. Seedlings (two weeks old) were transplanted in the field following RCBD (Randomize complete block design) with three replications. Twenty plants per replicate were showed and row to row and plant to plant distances of the plot was 20 cm and 15 cm. Weeding and drainage were done when required. No artificial irrigation was given. Fungicide and insecticide were applied once only. Data were recorded for days to 1^st flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to 80% flowering, days to maturity (DM), plant height (Cm.), total tillers per hill (Counted tillers at maturity stage), effective tillers per hill (Counted number of tillers with panicles), panicle length (Cm), filled grains per panicle, unfilled grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight and yield per plant traits. MSTAT-C software was used to analyze all the morphological traits data and generate an analysis of variance (ANOVA) table and all the significant means were compared using the LSD test. The Pearson correlation coefficient between morphological traits was calculated using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research- 11(1): 1-14, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI:10.9734/AJAAR/2019/v11i130044

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Considering the morphological and molecular study, it was accomplished that four mutant lines, N10/300/P-2-3-5, N10/300/P-2-3-5, N10/300/P-2-3-5-2, and N1/300/P-2-3-5, in cluster IV had superior morphological characteristics such as high yielding, lower plant height, early maturity, good panicle characteristics, and good grain weights. Mutant line N1/300/P-2-3-5 of cluster V had the lowest plant height but high yield and some good yield attributing characters (panicle length and filled grains per panicle). Mutant lines, N1/250/P-7-6-4-1 and N10/300/P-2(1)-4-1, of cluster I had high yield, high grain weight, good panicle length, high filled grains per panicle, low unfilled grains per panicle but not good plant height and maturity time compared to the other mutant lines. On the other hand, mutant line N1/250/P-7-3-7-1 of cluster III had high yield, early maturation, good panicle length, high filled grains per panicle but highest unfilled grains per panicle. Considering the overall performance, eight mutant lines viz. N10/300/P-2-3-5, N10/300/P-2-3-5, N10/300/P-2-3-5-2, N1/300/P- 2-3-5, N1/300/P-2-3-5, N1/250/P-7-6-4-1, N10/300/P-2(1)-4-1 and N1/250/P-7-3-7-1 could be suggested as suitable parent for further breeding program. In the present study, yield per plant, unfilled grains per panicle, number of the total tillers, number of effective tillers showed high heritability and genetic advance as percent of the mean value and yield per plant had a significant positive correlation with the number of tillers, number of the effective tiller, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight but negative correlation with Plant height. Selection based on these criteria is suggested for further evaluation in future breeding programs. The results of this study can be used as a baseline for future genetic analysis within mutant rice lines and trace their genetic relationships in Bangladesh. The data will be useful for breeders to select rice lines for the development of new varieties.

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