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Gis-based Modelling of Water Quality in Different Hilsha Spawning Grounds and Sanctuaries of Bangladesh

Rumana Yasmin
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Mehady Islam
AgroVet Division, Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The current study was performed to monitor in situ conditions and Spatio-temporal modeling of the present status of water quality parameters of different spawning grounds and sanctuaries of Hilsha. The study was conducted in nine sites in the lower Padma River (Maowa) to the lower Meghna River (Bhola, Patuakhali) from 1 August 2015 to 31 January 2016. This study demonstrates surface water temperature, salinity, conductivity and transparency were ranged from 19.00-33.00°C, 0.10-2.90 ppt, 125.60-4720.00 µS/cm and 6.60-74.00 cm respectively. The values of pH, DO, free CO₂, total alkalinity, total hardness and free NH₃ were varied from 6.00-9.50, 4.50-11.60 mg/L, 3.46-24.00 mg/L, 33.00-172.50 mg/L, 34.20-1291.00 mg/L and 0.20-1.40 mg/L respectively. Moreover, the water quality model reveals that the present status of some water quality parameters (free CO₂, free NH₃, transparency) deviated from optimum conditions suitable for the normal physiological process and spawning of Hilsha.

Keywords: Water quality; GIS; Hilsha; Spawning grounds; Sanctuaries

Location: Padma River (Maowa) to lower Meghna River (Bhola, Patuakhali)

Start Date: 00-08-2015

End Date: 00-01-2016

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

The present study was to monitor and provide thematic information and baseline data model of present surface water quality status of different hilsha spawning grounds and sanctuaries of Bangladesh for the sustainable and better management of hilsha fisheries.

Methodology:

The study was accomplished at nine sites (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) of different spawning grounds and sanctuaries of Hilsha from the lower Padma (Lauhajang) to lower Meghna (Tajumuddin) of Bangladesh. It was stretched from 23.525° N - 90.174° E to 21.841° N - 90.259° E and 22.591°N - 91.294°E. Primary data about water quality were derived directly from an onsite experiment in field and laboratory analysis. For assessing the water quality, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity, Salinity, pH, Transparency, Dissolved Oxygen & Free Carbon-dioxide were assessed onsite while Hardness, Alkalinity, and Ammonia were analyzed later in the laboratory. About three samples of water were collected from each sampling station during August 2015 for monsoon, peak Hilsha spawning period (when the catch of Hilsha was banned from 25 August to 9 October 2015) and January 2016 for winter sampling to compare the water quality of peak spawning period to monsoon and winter. Only the surface water was sampled with a previously washed plastic tub and 500 mL acid-washed polyethylene sample bottles and then filtered using a membrane with 0.45 µm. The collected water sample was preserved for laboratory analysis as suggested by Chattopadhyay [10] and Khondker [11]. The measurement of temperature, salinity and Electrical Conductivity of water was carried out by conductivity meter (YSI 30 Salinity Conductivity Temperature); pH with pH meter (EcoSense pH100, YSI Inc.); Dissolved Oxygen with DO meter (EcoSense DO200, YSI Inc.); Transparency with the help of Secchi Disk visibility. Titration method with 0.02 N H₂SO₄ was used to determine the total alkalinity of sample water, and the determination of hardness of sample water was carried out by a complexometric titration method with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as suggested by Chattopadhyay [10]. For determining, the NH₄-N, method described by Khondker [11] using a spectrophotometer (Digital UV Spectrophotometer, Labtronocs). For titrimetric determination of free carbon-di-oxide of water 0.045 N Na₂CO₃ was used to titrate as described by APHA [12]. The satellite image and the Historical map were georeferenced. GPS (eTrex Legend H, GARMIN) based field survey was carried out through the study area. Values of water quality parameters (Temperature, Electrical Conductivity, Salinity, pH, Transparency, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Free Carbon-dioxide, Hardness, Alkalinity, Ammonia) used for GIS modeling by Arc GIS (V 10.0.0) developed by ESRI Inc., USA.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research- 2(1): 1-11, 2018

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.9734/AJFAR/2018/v2i126116

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study demonstrates the contemporaneous in situ condition and GIS-based Spatio-temporal monitoring of water quality of different Hilsha spawning grounds and sanctuaries which eventually depicts the variation of water quality in response to spatial and seasonal change. Existing overall condition of most of the water quality parameters i.e. temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, salinity, total hardness and conductivity are still now not reflecting much deviation from the congenial environment which is crucial for the regular physiological performances and spawning of Hilsha whereas there exists significant inconsistency in the present condition of few parameters (free carbon dioxide, free ammonia, transparency) which needs a great concern. In near future, as a consequence of water quality deterioration along with other climatological factors such as water flow change, decrease in depth of the river, siltation, etc. the physiological performance and spawning of Hilsha may hinder if proper management measures are not taken for the conservation, restoration and rehabilitation of those habitats otherwise production of Hilsha will gradually decrease. As a consequence, further researches on water flow rate and direction, siltation and current velocity, CPUE (Catch Per Unit Effort) is needed. Moreover, the findings of the present study are correspondingly revealing the practicality, effectiveness, convenience and modeling power of GIS for its usefulness and if reinforced by additional thematic and field survey, it can be practiced predominantly to improve the models in the forthcoming future. GIS will quickly identify and categorize the quantity, extent, magnitude, range and condition of habitats at a scale valuable for highlighting regional safeguard or restoration effort. There is a substantial prospect for additional utilization of GIS in stock abundance, fishing mortality, biological and social impact analysis (management, fishing effort, fishing mortalities), catch density by location, gear, boat use, mesh regulation area, selection of areas for potential closure and mortality reduction, bycatch analysis modeling. Nevertheless, for instance, the exactitude of the result is entirely governed by the Spatio-temporal quality of input data as valid and georeferenced Spatio-temporal data are obligatory. Moreover, the concurrent study also has established the practicality and effectiveness of GIS modeling to monitor and characterize the water quality for better management of Hilsha.

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