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Effect of Fish Oil on Performance, Coccidiosis Prevention and Serum Lipid Profile in Broiler

Mukti Barua
Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Khulshi, 4225 Chittagong, Bangladesh

Goutam Buddha Das
Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Khulshi, 4225 Chittagong, Bangladesh

Kamrul Islam
One Health Epidemiology Fellow, MVM-Biosecurity, Massey University, New Zealand

Sharmin Chowdhury
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, CVASU, 4225 Chittagong, Bangladesh

Md. Emran Hossain
Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Khulshi, 4225 Chittagong, Bangladesh

Babu Kanti Nath
Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, CVASU, 4225 Chittagong, Bangladesh

Md. Shafiqul Islam
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, CVASU, 4225 Chittagong, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Fish Oil (FO) is an important source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which increases performance, immunity to broilers. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the influence of dietary FO on performance, preventing coccidiosis, and serum lipid profile in broilers. A total of 120 commercial chicks were randomly distributed in four groups which were treated either without FO (T₀/control) or with 1% FO (T₁), 2% FO (T₂), and 3% FO (T₃) in regular drinking water. The experiment was divided into three sections. Firstly, the production performance of broilers with FO treatment was assigned. Secondly, gross and histopathological changes were determined in chicks infected with 104 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. Finally, changes in different lipid profile parameters in broilers serum were measured. Data analysis was done for ANOVA by STATA version-12.1 where a p-value of <0.05 or <0.01 was considered statistically significant. It was observed that FO in regular drinking water significantly (p<0.01) increased live weight, weight gain, feed consumption at 3rd and 4th weeks of age of broilers which were higher in T₂ and T₃ groups compared to others. Feed Conversion (FC) was significantly (p<0.01) better in FO supplemented groups. At necropsy, birds of control, T₁ groups developed severe gross and histopathological lesions of coccidiosis. However, no lesions were developed in birds of T₂ or T₃ groups. With increasing levels of FO in the broiler diets, serum HDL-cholesterol levels increased and cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides levels decreased significantly (p<0.01). It can be concluded that supplementing either 2 or 3% fish oil in regular drinking water of broiler is helpful in increasing performance, improving the serum lipid profile of broilers. Birds also represent a high immune response against coccidiosis at these levels. All these positive effects can be gained in broilers if we can establish using fish oil in regular drinking water of broilers. Moreover, there will be the least chance of developing drug resistance in broilers eventually in human-caused by using coccidiostat for the prevention of coccidiosis.

Keywords: Fish oil, Performance, Coccidiosis, Histopathology, Lipid profile

Location: Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Experimental Farm and Research Laboratories of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-09-2014

End Date: 00-02-2015

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Broiler

Objectives:

To establish regular use of Fish Oil (FO) in drinking water of broilers.

Methodology:

The study methodology was designed into three sub-divisions to see the effectivity of supplementing fish oil on (1) Performance, (2) Preventing coccidiosis, and (3) the Serum lipid profile of broilers. The experiment was carried out from September 2014 to February 2015 at the Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Experimental Farm and Research Laboratories of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh. After an explanation of the objectives of the study, consent was taken from the ethical committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University for using and slaughtering a minimum number of birds. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this study. One hundred and twenty birds were randomly distributed into four treatment groups after taking weight. Each treatment was divided into three replicates having 10 birds in each replicate. The dietary treatment groups were T (control), T (Basal diet+1% fish oil in drinking water), T₂ (Basal diet+2% fish oil in drinking water), T₃ (Basal diet+3% fish oil in drinking water), respectively. A total of 120 day-old chicks (Cobb 500 strain) of mixed sex were purchased from the chicken hatchery. Before that the broiler shed, brooding boxes and broiler cages were thoroughly washed and cleaned by using tap water with caustic soda and phenyl solution. For killing microorganisms, phenyl solution (according to the manual) was also spread on the floor, corners, and ceiling. After 1 week, lime was spread on the floor and around the shed for strictly maintaining bio-security. Footbath containing potassium permanganate was kept at the entrance of the poultry shed. The floor space for each bird was 0.0157 m2 in the brooding box and 0.53 m2 in the cage. Room temperature and humidity were maintained using 200 W incandescent lamps and exhaust fans. A single-tired electric brooder was used for brooding chicks. The temperatures maintained in the 1st, 2nd, 3rdand 4thweeks were 308.15, 305.37, 302.59 and 299.82 K, respectively. Raw feed ingredients were collected from retail and wholesale markets. Fish oil was collected from Bazarghata of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh where marine fish oil is available. During collection, it was assured that fish oil was fresh and free from dust or any other foreign particles. The essence of the banana was collected from the local market of Khatunganj, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Birds were provided dry mash feed. The feeding standard was followed by Bangladesh standard specification for poultry feeds (2nd Revision, BDS 233: 2003; Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution). The formulated diets were analyzed following instructions of AOAC26. All the rations were iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous. Starter ration was supplied for 0-14 days of chicks and grower ration for 15-30 days. At the first fatty acid analysis of collected fish oil was done by gas chromatography according to the method described by the previous researchers27. The composition of different fatty acids was recorded. Fish oil was supplemented with regular drinking water from 1st day to the end of the experiment. At first, little amount of fresh clean drinking water and fish oil was taken into a beaker. The essence of the banana (6 mL LG¹ of water) was also added to remove the undesirable odour of fish oil. To dissolve fish oil with water, little amount (0.5 g LG¹ of water) of emulsifier (Eurolipid®, ACI limited) was added. The mixture was stirred thoroughly in a hot plate magnetic stirrer. After cooling, this mixture was added to the large volume of regular drinking water of broilers. All birds were vaccinated properly against Newcastle disease on the 4thdays and booster dose again on the 14th day. The bodyweight of the chicks was recorded on 1st day and then at weekly intervals. This measure was done throughout the whole experimental period. Weekly feed intake was calculated by deducting the leftover feeds from the total amounts of supplied feed to the broilers. The body weight gain was calculated by deducting the initial body weight from the final bodyweight of the birds. Feed Conversion (FC) of broilers was determined from the ratio between feed intake and body weight gain for weekly intervals. Water intake by birds was also recorded throughout the whole experiment. All the data related were entered into MS Excel (Microsoft office excel-2007, USA). Data management and data analysis were done for ANOVA by STATA version-12.1 (STATA Corporation, College Station, Texas). A p-value of either <0.05 or <0.01 were considered statistically significant and highly significant, respectively.

Source of Information: Asian J. Poult. Sci., 11 (1): 20-30, 2017

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ajpsaj.2017.20.30

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Fish oil as a source of omega-3 fatty acids can be used in the drinking water broilers to increase their growth performance and productivity. Serum lipid profile parameters of birds also become better by using this oil. The use of anticoccidials in the prevention and control of chicken coccidiosis causes resistance to drugs in broilers eventually in humans which is a burning issue of modern times. Supplementation of fish oil as a natural source may be a useful alternative in this regard. Two to three percent fish oil is recommended which contributes effectively both in preventing disease and improving performance. It will reduce the health hazards of broilers and humans. However, further study may be recommended to make a concrete result of the findings.

Knowledge Management: Journal