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Clinical Investigation of Ppr Outbreak and Sero-prevalence of Ppr Viral Antibody in Different Areas of Bangladesh

Md. Abu Yousuf
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI). Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Md. Ershaduzzaman
System Research Division, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Md. Alauddin
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Md. Mamunur Rahman
Conservation and Improvement of Native Sheep through Community and Commercial Farming Research Project, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Tania Akhtar
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Md. Zakir Hassan
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI). Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Md. Zulfekar Ali
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI). Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Nupur Dhar
PBRG Project, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Md. Rafiqul Islam
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Giasuddin
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI). Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious, world organization for animal health (OIE) notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats associated with high morbidity and mortality and caused by PPR virus. This research work was done in 2016-2017 by executing, surveillance and clinical investigation studies to determine the present status of circulating PPR virus and its detection of antibody level of PPRV in different areas of Bangladesh. cELISA was conducted to detect the PPR antibody and RT-PCR also used for the identification of N gene PPRV. The clinical outbreak of PPR, a total 124 samples was collected at the six locations of the country and the highest case fatality (morbidity) was recorded at Jhenaidah 93.75% (75 out of 80). The highest morbidity rate and the mortality rate was 69.23% and 13.07% respectively. The result of RT-PCR indicates the PPR virus circulating in the different regions of Bangladesh. For seroprevalence of PPR antibodies of 366 serum samples were collected at different region of Bangladesh such as Chuadanga 47.81% (22 out of 47), Sirajganj 34.21% (13 out of 38), Thakurgaon 48.15% (26 out of 54), Satkhira 56.92% (37out of 65), Jhenaidah 33.33% (28 out of 84) and Chattogram 30.79 % (24 out of 78). It is reflected that the selected areas are highly suspected PPR and need to proper vaccination against PPR vaccine that can protect PPR disease in goat and sheep which helps to meet global PPR control strategy as well as contribute to achieve the two (2) number of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Keywords: PPRV, Goat, Sero-prevalence, Vaccine, Antibody

Location: SAARC Regional Leading Diagnostic laboratory for PPR, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Vaccine, Diseases

Objectives:

To support the current initiative towards controlling the disease. Hence, the objectives of the study were designed as to detect the PPR antibody and RT-PCR also used for identification of N gene of the circulating PPR virus.

Methodology:

This research was conducted in the SAARC Regional Leading Diagnostic laboratory for PPR, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) during the period of 2016 to 2017. The detailed outline of materials and methods are given below: Study area: This study was carried out clinical investigation for detection of viral nucleic acid against PPR Virus in goat and sheep. For this purpose, a total 124 (one hundred and twenty-four) nasal swabs were collected from different areas of Bangladesh such as Chuadanga (N=5), Sirajganj (N=6), Thakurgaon (N=8), Satkhira (N=6), Jhenaidah (N=80) and Chattogram (N=19) with active-passive baseline survey was conducted for indemnified the incidence rate of morbidity, mortality and case fatality in selected goat population. The study also conducted on surveillance of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) for specific antibodies in goat and sheep. For this purpose, the total 366 (Three hundred and sixty-six) sera was collected from 6 (Six) selected areas of Bangladesh namely Sirajganj (N=38), Chuadanga (N=47), Thakurgaon (N=54), Satkhira (N=65), Jhenaidah (N=84) and Chattogram (N=78). Collection and storage of samples: A total of 366 serum samples were collected from goat and sheep in the study periods. The aim was to determine the level of antibody in the serum/herd immunity in vaccinated areas as well as the seroprevalence in high-risk areas of infection PPRV. Initially, blood samples were collected by jugular-vein puncture with (3-5) ml sterile syringe. The suspected nasal swabs 124 were collected for molecular study. 2.3. Active field investigation and questionnaire survey An epidemiological study on PPR outbreak was employed between 2016 and 2017 to collect epidemiological data and samples (Nasal swabs and serum). The questioner surveys were interviewed to reveal information regarding flock size, age and sex, health status, grazing management, the introduction of new animals, access to veterinary services, clinical signs of disease encountered, number of diseased and dead animals. Molecular detection of the virus nucleic acid (N gene of PPRV): One hundred and twenty-four (124) nasal swabs were collected from infected goats with viral transport media (VTM) for molecular detection using RT-PCR technique. Collected samples were transported to the SAARC Regional Leading Diagnostic Laboratory for PPR, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh maintaining cool chain. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was adopted for the detection of PPR virus. Serological study: A monoclonal antibody (MAb) based competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Diallo et al. 2007; OIE, 2013) was used for the detection of antibodies directed against the nucleoprotein of the PPR virus using an approved competitive ELISA kit as ID vet. Innovative Diagnostics, France. The resulting coloration depended on the quantity of specific antibodies present in the sample to be tested: In the absence of antibodies, a blue solution appeared which becomes yellow after the addition of the stop solution and In the presence of antibodies, no coloration appeared. Data management and analysis: The individual goat population data were stored in Microsoft Excel 2007. The prevalence was determined by dividing the total number of positive samples by the total number of samples (Dohoo et al., 2003). Proportions were calculated for seroprevalence vis-a-vis fixed factors that included animal species, clinical symptoms, sex and age. Univariable analysis for the proportions was carried out using Chi-square analysis in Epi Info software version 3.5.1 (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention) to assess association with the herd immunity level, health status, grazing management, introduction of new animals, number of diseased and dead animals. A confidence limit of less than 5% was used to indicate a significant level. All variables with P<0.05 (two-sided) in the univariable analysis were further tested by a multivariable logistic regression model to assess their effect on PPR seropositivity.

Source of Information: Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2019, 4 (2), 109-115; ISSN 2414-1283 (Print) 2414-6293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): www.ebupress.com/journal/aajbb

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The result of RT-PCR indicates the PPR virus circulating in the different regions of Bangladesh. The findings of seroprevalence of PPR antibodies reflected that, the goat and sheep population in these areas are highly suspected to PPR and need proper PPR vaccination. It seems an opportune time to begin extensive sero-surveillance for PPRV in the country along with measurement of the clinical survey in the enzootic parts, so that regions can be demarcated into endemic, infected and PPR-free zones as well as contribute to achieving the two (2) number of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Knowledge Management: Journal