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Effect of Dietary Energy and Protein Levels on Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Straight Run Hilly Chicken Up to Eight Weeks of Age Reared in Confinement

Halima Khatun
Poultry Production Research Division, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Golam Mostafa
Professor
Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Nazrul Islam
Former Director General
BLRI, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was undertaken to determine the effect of varying energy and protein levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of hilly chicks at starting period. Three hundred twenty-four straight run day-old chicks were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments of varying energy and protein levels as 2850, 2950 and 3050 ME Kcal/Kg and 200, 210 and 220 g CP/kg DM for starting period. Feed intake, live weight gain, feed conversion, digestibility and dressing percentage were measured during the experimental period. Final body weight and body weight gain were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the dietary regimes and its interaction. Birds consumed least amount of feed on the diet containing 2850 kcal/kg energy (P<0.01) and convert feed comparatively with better efficiency (P<0.05). However, protein efficiency was better (P<0.05) at the lower level of dietary protein (20% CP) and energy (2850 ME Kcal/kg). At 20% of CP level, increasing dietary energy from 2850 to 3050 kcal/kg ME resulted into a 29g decreases in weight gain. Conversely, at 2850 kcal/kg ME an increase in dietary protein from 20% to 22% CP resulted into a 27 g decrease in weight gain. Maximum weight gain was achieved at an ME: CP ratio of 142.5 which corresponded with the 2850 kcal/kg ME and 20% CP diet. Birds fed with 2850 kcal/kg energy diet had higher carcass weight (P<0.001) compared to other energy level. Fed on the diets with the lower energy level (2850 kcal/kg ME) yielded the heaviest breast meat (P<0.01) and thigh meat (P<0.05). The findings of present study therefore indicate that the 2850 kcal/kg ME and 20% CP dietary level, with ME: CP ratio of 142.5 could meet the growth performance of the indigenous hilly chicken.

Keywords: Energy; Protein; Nutrient requirement; Hilly chicken; Native chicken

Location: Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Poultry research farm, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Chicken, Protein

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to estimate the optimum energy and crude protein (CP) levels for early growth performance and carcass yield of confined hilly chicken.

Methodology:

Location of the experiment: This study was conducted at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Poultry research farm, Savar, Dhaka. Preparation of the house: The experimental house was thoroughly cleaned with water and disinfected and then left to dry for seven days. All the equipment such as drinkers, feeders and wire nets were cleaned thoroughly and disinfected. The footbath was thoroughly cleaned and a new disinfected added daily. Experimental procedures, dietary treatments and design: A total of 324-day old chicks were winged bended, weighed individually and randomly distributed into 9 groups. Each group had 36 chicks distributed into 3 replicates with 12 birds in each. Diets were three levels of ME (2850, 2950 and 3050 Kcal/kg) and three levels of CP (20, 21 and 22%) in a 3×3 factorial design were fed to the birds belonging to nine treatments groups. The birds were raised under standard husbandry practices; feed and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the experimental period. Vaccinations against Marek’s, Gumboro, Infectious bronchitis, fowl pox and fowl typhoid were carried out following veterinary vaccination schedules. Birds were reared in 2.5 m² of each pen in an open-sided house from 0-8 weeks of age. Digestibility measure: Digestibility was measured when the birds were 49-56 days old. Digestibility was conducted in specially designed metabolic cages having separated watering troughs. 2 birds were randomly selected from each replicate of each experiment and transferred to metabolic cages for measurement of digestibility. A 3 days acclimization period were allowed prior to a 3 day collection period. Droppings voided by each bird were collected on a daily basis at 9.00 hours. Care was taken to avoid contamination from feathers, scales, debris and feeds. 2.5. Carcass traits At the end of the experiment, three chickens from each replication were randomly selected and fasted for 12 hours. Birds were slaughtered following ‘halal’ method (Singh et al., 2003) by severing the jugular vein allowed to bleed completely and then plucked and weighed. After evisceration, the data on hot carcass and organ weight was recorded and expressed as a percentage of live body weight. Data collection: Individual body weight measurements and feed intake per replicate were recorded weekly. FCR was calculated as total feed intake divided by body weight gain. Total protein intake and total ME intake were also computed and were used to calculate protein efficiency ratio (PER) and energy efficiency ratio (EER) respectively. PER was computed as weight gain divided by total protein intake while EER was expressed as a percentage of weight gain per total ME intake. Statistical analysis: The experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design and the general linear model procedure of SPSS 20.0 (2015) was used for statistical analysis of data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques (Steel et al., 1997) was performed to test the main effects of different levels of ME, CP and their interaction effects on BWG, feed intake, FCR, EER, PER and carcass characteristics. The Duncan multiple range test was used to separate treatment means that were significantly different at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (3), 464-470; ISSN 2414-1283 (Print) 2414-6293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): www.ebupress.com/journal/aajbb

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Feed intake and FCR performance of chicks were found to be variable between treatments diets with varying energy levels. The different energy and crude protein levels had no significant effect on the final body weight and body weight gain of hilly chicken. It can be thus recommended that lower energy and lower protein combination diet could be feed to improve the performance of hilly chicken. Further investigation is recommended to assess the effect of further on lower levels of energy and protein on the growth performance of hilly chicken at an early stage.

Knowledge Management: Journal