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Screening of Mango Rootstock for Saline Tolerance

M.A. Rahim
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

M. Moniruzzaman
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Khulshi, Chittagong

F. Rahman
Department of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at Fruit Tree Improvement Project, Fruit Tree Improvement Programme, Bangladesh Agricultural University-Germplasm Center (FTIP, BAU-GPC), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period of April 2020 to June 2020 to study the performance of selected mango rootstocks for the saline area. The two-factor experiment consisted of four mango rootstock varieties such as V₁ = BAU Aam-9, V₂ = BAU Aam-6, V₃ = BAU Aam-4 and V4 = Amropali and six salinity treatments namely control S₁ = 0 dSm^-1, S₂ = 4 dSm^-1, S₃ = 8 dSm^-1, S₄ = 10 dSm^-1, S₅ = 12 dSm^-1 and S₆ = 14 dSm^-1. The experiment was conducted following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that rootstock line and salinity levels had significant influences on various rootstock characters viz. length of rootstocks, the number of leaves and percent rootstocks success and survivability. In the case of varietal effect, the highest number of leaves (32.44) was found in BAU Aam-6 and the lowest number of leaves was recorded in Amropali (22.55) at 90 days after transplanting. The longest rootstock length was observed in 90 DAT which (54.83 cm) was found in BAU Aam-9and the shortest rootstock was recorded in Amropali (47.94 cm). The highest survivability (51.44%) was recorded in BAU Aam-9 and the lowest survivability recorded in Amropali (33.88%). In the case of salinity treatments, the highest survivability (95.83%) was recorded in control and the lowest survivability (0.00%) was recorded in 14 dsm^-1 at 90 DAT. Interaction of rootstock varieties and different salinity treatments showed a significant variation on the length leave and survivability of rootstocks at 90 DAT. The maximum number of rootstock leaves was recorded in V₂S₂ (46.33) and the lowest number of leaves was recorded in V₄S₆ (7.66). The highest rootstock length was found in V₁S₃ (78.00 cm) and lowest in V₁S₂ (21.66 cm). The highest Survivability (100 %) was observed in V₁S₁, V₁S₂, V₂S₁, V₂S₂ and V₄S₁. From the above mentioned it can be said BAU Aam - 9 and BAU Aam – 6 rootstock varieties performed best from 0-8 dSm^-1 salinity. The overall salinity tolerance was graded as follows: BAU Aam - 9>BAU Aam – 6> BAU Aam-4>Amropali rootstock line.

Keywords: Mango, Rootstock, Salinity, Screening

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-04-2020

End Date: 00-06-2020

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil salinity, Mango

Objectives:

To observe the mango rootstock performance for saline areas and to evaluate the salinity level of selected mango rootstock.

Methodology:

The experiments were conducted at FTIP, BAU-GPC, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period of April 2020 to June 2020. The experimental area of FTIP, BAU-GPC was under a subtropical climate, which is characterized by heavy rainfall during the months from April to September and scanty rainfall during the rest of the time of the year. The soil of the experimental area belongs to the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain under AEZ 9 of Bangladesh and well-drained high land with sandy loam in soil texture. The soil pH of the experimental site was 6.8. The experiment consisted of two factors i.e. Factor-A: four types of mango rootstocks viz., V₁ = BAU Aam -9, V₂ = BAU Aam -6, V₂ = BAU Aam- 4 and Amropali. Factor-B: six-level of soil salinity viz. S₁ = Control (0 dSm^-1), S₂ =4 dSm^-1 , S₃ = 8 dSm^-1 , S₄ = (10 dSm^-1 ), S₅ = 12 dSm^-1 and S₆ = 14 dSm^-1.A two-factor experiment was conducted in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Healthy and heavy stones of four mango varieties were collected and placed in a bucket of water. Only those stones that sunk and touched the bottom of the bucket (containing water) were selected. The stones were placed in polybags containing a mixture of soil and cowdung at the ratio of 1:1. One stone was placed in one polybag. After placing the seeds were germinated within 15 to 30 days. The experimental pots are used as half-cut plastic drums containing 2-3 aeration holes at the bottom for the removal of excess water. Total 18 experimental pots were filled by soil; well decompose cowdung, sand & small pitches of broken stones at the ratio of 1:1:1:1. Then we have made artificial saline soil by using lab-grade NACL such as 4 dSm^-1 =55gm, 8 dSm^-1= 112gm, 10 dSm^-1 = 140 gm, 12 dSm^-1 = 168 gm and 14 dSm^-1 = 198 gm NACL mixing with 20-liter water for individual treatment respectively and put into drum to saturated soil. Nearly one-year mango rootstocks were collected from four different types of mango cultivar which were raised in polybags previously & transplanted to the experimental pots. The healthy, vigorous, uniform in size and growth, pest and disease-free rootstocks was selected for the experiment. Pots containing healthy and uniform size rootstocks were raised in each rootstock line. Intercultural operations like irrigation, weeding, application of fertilizer, spraying of insecticides and fungicide were given whenever needed for the good health of the stock plant. At first, rootstocks were separated from different types of rootstock by their proper identity through individual tagging. Four rootstock lines were arranged according to their identification number for proper data collection as well as performance review of different rootstock lines. All necessary measures were adopted to make the pot free from weeds and create a favorable environment to ensure the proper growth and development of grafted plants. Weeding and mulching were done whenever necessary during the period of investigation. As a preventive measure against insect, pest and disease, spraying with insecticide and fungicides was done following a routine schedule. For this, Diazinon and Diathane M-45 @ 2ml liter-1 of water were applied at 7-10 days intervals. The recorded data viz. the number of leaves, length of rootstock, and survivability were taken at 30, 60 and 90 DAT (Days After Transplanting) on different parameters of the experiment was tabulated and analyzed. The means of all the treatments were calculated and compared by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% level of probability (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 93-102 (2021)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v19i1.54781

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

An inverse relationship was observed between the salt concentration and rootstock survivability, height and leaves, etc. The survivability rate decreased with the increasing levels of salinity of different rootstock. In conclusion, tree tolerance to soil salinity can be said BAU Aam - 9 and BAU Aam – 6 rootstock line performed best from 0 - 8 dSm^-1 salinity. The overall salinity tolerance was graded as follows: BAU Aam - 9>BAU Aam – 6> BAU Aam-4>Amropali rootstock line.

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