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Potency of Three Botanical Oils Against the Aphis Craccivora Koch (homoptera: Aphididae) Nymphs Under Laboratory Conditions

M.A. Hossain
Department of Entomology Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M.S. Yasmin
Department of Entomology Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M.A.A. Bachchu
Department of Entomology Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M.A. Alim
Department of Entomology Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Botanicals are promising and attractive alternatives for pest management. In the present study, three botanical oils namely neem (Azadirachta indica), karanja (Pongamia pinnata) and mehogony (Swietenia mahagoni) were tested against the nymphs of Aphis craccivora Koch to evaluate the toxic and repellent effects under laboratory conditions (25 ± 5^oC, 65-75% RH). Four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) along with control were maintained with distilled water and tween-20 was used as an emulsifier. Leaf dipped methods were used for insect bioassay. Insect mortality was recorded at 24, 48, and 72 hours after intervals, while repellency was carried out at 2 hours after intervals up to 10th hours and the collected data, were analyzed through MSTAT-C program. Results indicated that all the tested oils had toxic and repellent effects against the A. craccivora nymphs. Among the tested botanical oils, no significant difference was observed in terms of mortality over the treatment time. But a significant difference was noticed over the level of concentrations exerted by the botanical oils. The average highest mortality (28.62%) was recorded by the application of mehogony oil whereas neem oil showed the lowest mortality (27.21%) against the A. craccivora and the mortality was directly proportional to the level of concentrations and hour after treatment (HAT). Probit analysis showed the lowest LD₅₀ values of mehogony oil which revealed the highest toxic effect against the nymph of bean aphid. The highest repellent effect (77.33%) was found in mehogony oil (repellent class IV) among all the botanical oils applied. On the contrary, neem (57.33%) and karanja (55.00%) oils belonged to the same repellent class that is repellent class II. Although all the tested botanical oils evaluated showed toxic and repellent effects but mehogony oil performed as the best potent oil against the nymphs. We, therefore, suggested using the mehogony oil for the management of bean aphid.

Keywords: Botanical oils, Aphis, Mortality, Repellent effect

Location: Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-09-2016

End Date: 00-01-2017

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Pest, Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

To evaluate the mortality and repellent effects of three botanical oils of Azadirachta indica (neem), Pongamia pinnata L. (karanja) and Swietenia mahagoni L. (mehogony) on nymphs of bean aphid.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the laboratory conditions (25 ± 5^oC, 70 ± 5% RH) of the Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, Bangladesh during September 2016 to January 2017. Host plants were used as country bean (BARI sheem-4). Seeds were collected from the local market of Dinajpur town and raised seedling in pots in the entomology research lab corridor of HSTU, Dinajpur. Plants were fertilized as needed and watering was done as necessary but free from pesticides. The A. craccivora were collected from the infested bean plants of the Entomology field lab, HSTU and maintained in the laboratory (25 ± 5^oC, 70 ± 5% RH). Aphids were gently removed from the bean twigs with the help of soft camel hair brush and released on the fresh bean twigs kept in cylindrical jars (14H × 10.5 D cm) in the laboratory. The jars were covered with a piece of cloth fastened with rubber bands to prevent insects getaway. For the mass culture, newly emerged crawlers were placed onto the fresh bean leaves. These processes were continued up to the experimental requirements. Only 3^rd - 4^th instar nymphs were used for the study. Aphid species have been identified based on their morphological characteristics (Emden and Harrington, 2007). Late instar nymphs (3^rd and 4^th instar) were used in the experiment as stated by Blackman and Eastop (2000) and Trivedi and Singh (2014). Tested three crude plant oils of neem (Azadirachta indica), mehogony (Swietenia mahagoni) and karanja (Pongamia pinnata) were collected from the local market of Dinajpur town. Four concentrations of each oil viz. 2.0, 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5% were prepared separately (v/v). For the preparation of concentrations, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 ml of neem, karanja and mehogony oils were taken in a conical flask (100 ml) separately and added 98.0, 98.5, 99.0, and 99.5 ml of distilled water for each oil and concentrations, respectively. A single drop of tween-20 was added as an emulsifier for each concentration separately and mixed properly. Toxicity effects were performed in the laboratory conditions (25 ± 5^oC, 70 ± 5% RH) against the A. craccivora. Fresh young bean leaves were collected and dipped in respective oil concentrations of each treatment separately for 5-10 seconds and then the leaves were air-dried for 15 minutes. Each leaf was placed separately in a Petri dish (90 mm). Ten (10) 3^rd to 4^th instar nymphs were released with the help of a camel hairbrush. Three replications were done for each concentration. The data were analyzed using a completely randomized design (CRD) through the MSTAT-C program. All graphs were done using MS-Excel software. The treatment mean values were compared by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The median lethal values (LD₅₀) were determined by probit analysis (Finney, 1947).

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 139-154 (2021)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v19i1.54785

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is concluded that the botanical oils tested in the present study had a direct toxic effect on the nymphs of A. craccivora but mehogony showed the highest toxic and repellent effects. However, further studies need to be conducted in the future to isolate, evaluate and characterization of the active compound with its mode of action of the tested oils.

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