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Cross Sectional Study of Bovine and Avian Tuberculosis in Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (blri) Cattle Farm

Prokash Biswas
Veterinary Surgeon, Upazilla Livestock Office, Terokhada, Khulna, Bangladesh

Md. Bahanur Rahman
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Sayra Tasnin Sharmy
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Ferdousur Rahman Khan
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Mizanur Rahman
Veterinary Surgeon, Border Guard Bangladesh, Head Quarter Battalion, Peelkhana, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mohammad Moniruzzaman
Bangladesh Milk Producers’ Co-operative Union Limited (Milk Vita), Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Emtiaj Alam
Osaka Prefecture University, Japan

Md. Siddiqur Rahman
Professor and Correspondence:
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bovine and avian tuberculosis in cattle by using bovine and avian PPDs at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) Cattle Farm, Savar, Dhaka. Cattle of different breeds, ages and sexes (n=183) were tested using bovine and avian PPDs. In the caudal Fold Tuberculin (CFT) test, 16 (8.74%) cases were showed positive reactions among 183 samples. The overall percentages of positive reactors to the Comparative cervical tuberculin (CCT) test of bovine and avian tuberculosis were 7.10% and 1.64% respectively. An insignificant variation (P>0.05) on the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis on the different age group of cattle was observed. Age group >7 years showed a higher prevalence (10.91%) than those of other age groups. In CCT test, 7.55% and 4.17% positive reactors were found in female and male cattle respectively. The association between different breeds of the animal was found significant (P<0.05). The local breed showed higher prevalence (9.77%) than those of Red Chittagong and crossbreed. The highest percentage (10.45%) of positive reactors in CCT test was recorded in milking cows than in dry cows (2.32%), heifer (9.52%) and calf (5.77%) were observed. Mixed infection (bovine and avian type of tuberculosis) was recorded 1.64%.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Caudal fold tuberculin test, Comparative cervical tuberculin test

Location: Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) Cattle Farm, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2010

End Date: 00-06-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Dairy farm, Diseases

Objectives:

The main objectives of this study are to find out the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), to compare the prevalence of tuberculosis among the different breeds of cattle, and to compare the prevalence of tuberculosis in a different age, types and sex groups of cattle.

Methodology:

The whole study was conducted in the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) Cattle Farm, Savar, Dhaka during the period from January to June, 2010 to determine the prevalence of bovine and avian tuberculosis. Total 183 cattle were divided into several groups on the basis of age, breed, sex and types of animals. Out of the 183, 44 cattle were Red Chittagong (RCC), 133 were Local (Pabna) and 6 were Crossbreed cattle. 159 cattle were female and 24 nos. were male cattle. Date of birth and other necessary information were recorded in a questionnaire from the register book of the farm. Cattle were tested by Caudal Fold Tuberculin Test (CFT) which is a single Intradermal tuberculin test using bovine Purified Protein Derivatives (bPPD) at the caudal fold. Among the 183 Cattle, the positive responders were further subjected to Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test (CCT) using both bovine (bPPD) and avian Purified Protein Derivatives (aPPD). The results were recorded in the questionnaire and finally analyzed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with the prevalence of tuberculosis in cattle. The bPPD was given two times in each and every cattle (primary and confirmatory test). The first dose was given with an equivalent dosage of 10,000 tuberculin unit/ml at caudal fold and after a period of 10 days the comparative intradermal inoculation was made by 10,000 tuberculin unit/ml of bovine type PPD and 2,500 tuberculin unit /ml of avian type PPD in a separate way on one side (upper and lower) of the neck region. The method described by Welchi, (1915) was followed throughout the experiment for inoculating the animals. Reading was taken for one time after 72 hours (± 6 hours) after the inoculation of PPD. The positive tuberculin reaction was evident from inflammation of sensitive nature at the point of inoculation. The area of the characteristic swelling ranged from the size of a small pea to that of an orange. The reaction sites indicated the organism responsible for the sensitization. The swelling was either soft and edematous or somewhat hard in nature. The swelling was estimated by palpation at the site of inoculation, while the animal showed the sign of pain. In the Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (CCT) test two injections were made intradermally; bPPD at the upper site and aPPD at lower site at the neck region. Initial skin thickness was measured before inoculation PPD. Reading was taken after 72(±6) hours with slide calipers. The difference of skin thickness was measured and recorded. The data was collected by questionnaire and was analyzed in MS Excel and SPSS.

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2017, 3 (3), 352-356; doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v3i3.34525; ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bovine and avian tuberculosis in Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka. In the Caudal Fold Tuberculin (CFT) test the percentage of positive responders was found to be 8.74. In the Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (CCT) test the percentage of positive reactors were 7.10 and 1.64 to the test with bovine PPD and avian PPD respectively. Mixed infection was recorded in 1.64% of cattle. The crossbreeds showed a minimum (0.00%) and the local (Pabna) breed showed a maximum (9.77%) percentage of positive reactors. The Red Chittagong (RCC) breed also exhibited 0.00% of positive reactors in the Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (CCT) test. In general, the female, the younger and the older animals were found to be higher positive reactors than the male and adult animals in this study. In comparison with relevant literature that in general, the percentage of reactors to tuberculin was low in this study in comparison with those of other parts of the world.

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