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Analysis of the Adsorption of Toxic Chromium (vi) by Untreated and Chitosan Treated Banana and Areca Fiber

Hosne Ara Begum
Department of Yarn Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka, Bangladesh

A. K. M. Monjurul Haque*
Department of Yarn Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Didarul Islam
Department of Applied Science & Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. Mehedi Hasan
Department of Applied Science & Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Suza Ahmed
Department of Fabric Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Razzak
Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Ruhul Amin Khan
Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This paper work involves bunch experiments to investigate the effect of contact time, pH, and adsorbent dose on the extent of adsorption by bio-composites. Adsorption capacity of Chromium (VI) onto chitosan coated with banana and areca fiber was investigated in a batch system by considering the effects of various parameters like contact time, initial concentration, pH and adsorbent dose. The chitosan and fibers (banana and areca) were then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to remove chromium [Cr (VI)] from water via static adsorption. It was found that optimum chromium absorption capacity of chitosan was assessed at pH of 2.5 to 4.5 and contact time of 30 to 180 minutes for raw banana and areca fiber and for chitosan treated banana & areca fiber. Though optimum adsorption of chromium of chitosan was measured 34.17 ppm (85.42%) from a 100 ml solution containing 40 parts per million (ppm) of Cr (VI) at 120 minutes, pH of 3.0 and 120 milligram (mg) adsorbent dose size, use of composite will be more favorable in the point of environmental concern as well as low cost because chitosan preparation is comparatively costly then banana and areca fiber. On the other hand, untreated banana and areca fiber optimum adsorption of chromium measured 3.65 ppm (9.1%) at 180 min and, pH of 4.5 and 140 mg adsorbent dose size and 3.76 ppm (9.4%) at 180 min, pH of 4.5 and 160 mg adsorbent dose size respectively. In case of chitosan treated banana fiber, it was observed that adsorption was increased from 17.664 to 30.057 (75.14%). On the other hand, for areca fiber with chitosan, it was observed that adsorption was increased from 21.664 to 30.156 (75.39%) ppm. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the adsorption of chromium ion onto composites and it was found that the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was more fitted models which mean that a monolayer adsorption surface was created. After analyzing from IBM SPSS 25 software, we got the standard deviation value of adsorbed Cr by raw chitosan, untreated banana and areca of pH test results were 9.399, 1.072, 0.728 ppm, time test results were 2.163, 0.859, 0.896 ppm and adsorbent dose test results were 6.588, 0.966, 1.211 ppm correspondingly. The standard deviation results of pH, time and amount of treated banana fiber test results were 1.831, 2.693 and 5.469 ppm congruently. On the other hand, the standard deviation results of pH, time and amount of treated areca fiber test results were 3.293, 2.673 and 4.152 ppm individually. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis indicated that both amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan, banana and areca fiber were engaged in the adsorption.

Keywords: Adsorption, Heavy Metal, Chitosan, Banana Fiber, Areca Fiber, Toxicity

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Chromium, Banana

Objectives:

Though due to the exposure of these may not create any problem for the environment but both of them can be used as adsorbent and can be used in ETP plant with or without modification. So in this study, banana and areca are treated with chitosan (bio-composites) are used to removal of chromium from waste water and investigate and compare these data to scrutinize the best optimization point and best composition of bio-composite for adsorption of heavy metal from waste water.

Methodology:

Raw Materials and Chemicals

Prawn cover: Collected from local Prawn Hatchery of Satkhira District, Khulna Division, Bangladesh. Raw banana and areca fiber are collected from local source.

Preparation of Standard Solution of Chromium

Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) is used as the source for chromium stock solution. All the required solutions were prepared with analytical reagents and double-distilled water. 2.835 g of 99% K₂Cr₂O₇ is dissolved in distilled water of 1.0L volumetric flask up to the mark to obtain 1000 ppm (mg/L) of Cr (VI) stock solution. Synthetic samples of different concentrations of Cr (VI) are prepared from this stock solution by appropriate dilutions.

3.3.1. Preparation of Composites

To prepare the composite of chitosan and fiber 1% (w/v) chitosan solution was prepared by dissolving chitosan in a 1% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid solution and stirred with magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to dissolve chitosan. Then 1gm fiber was added to the chitosan solution. The mixture was stirred at 30⁰C for 30 minutes so that fiber was treated with chitosan. After that fiber was filtered from chitosan solution by what-man filter paper and oven dried for 24 hours at 60⁰C.

3.3.2. Batch Studies

Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of pH, contact time and adsorbent dose on removal of chromium from solution. For pH optimization experiments were carried out by adding 40 mg of adsorbents in 100 ml chromium solution (40 ppm) at a temperature of 30⁰C at 120 rpm on a rotary shaker for 120 min. The initial pH of Cr (IV) solution was adjusted to different pH values (2.50, 3.00, 3.50, 4.00 and 4.50) and was adjusted by dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide using a pH meter (DELTA-320). For determination of effect of contact time on adsorption, assessments were done by 40 mg of adsorbents in 100 ml chromium solution (40 ppm) at a temperature of 30⁰C at 120 rpm on a rotary shaker. The samples were withdrawn from the shaker at predetermined time intervals (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min). For dose optimization, 100 ml 40 ppm stock solution of Cr was taken in 250 mL conical flask at optimum pH. Different doses like 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mg of adsorbent was added in each of the solution and agitated at 30⁰C in a reciprocating shaker at a fixed speed of 120 rpm for 12 min. After adsorption, adsorbents were separated from the solution by centrifugation method at 5000 rpm for 10 min. All experiments were replicated and the average results were used in data analysis. The amount of Chromium adsorbed per unit adsorbent fiber or materials was calculated according to the following equations.

Source of Information: Journal of Textile Science and Technology Vol.06 No.02(2020),

Article Link (Online Journal): Article ID:99953,26 pages 10.4236/jtst.2020.62007

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Chromium is highly toxic which is mainly coming from the textile and tannery industries. Hexavalent chromium is so toxic that its low concentration in drinking water and food is very harmful for any animal and plant life. For that reason, chromium removal from industrial effluents is a major concern. On the other side it also would be considered that used material must not be harmful and should be biodegradable so that no residue will remain after adsorption of chromium. In this study, low cost and biodegradable composites of chitosan, banana and areca with different composition were prepared. These prepared composites were then optimized regarding pH, time duration, and adsorbent dose and as well as isotherm study was also carried out. Though from the study it was obvious that chitosan has the maximum capacity to adsorb chromium but its stability in water at acidic condition was low and deprotonated easily. For that reason a stable matrix is required which also has adsorption capacity. In this study, it was found that areca and banana will be successful matrix because it makes composite more stable and it also has own adsorption capacity. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the adsorption of chromium ion onto composites and it was found that the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was more fitted models which mean that a monolayer adsorption surface was created. Further study can be investigated to remove toxic metals (Pb, Cd, As, Cu) which are available into the environment. Fiber from different source can be used to make different composite. However, areca/banana/chitosan composites in different ratio can be used to remove toxic metals. Reaction kinetics between composites with toxic metals can be investigated on different ratio of chitosan and fiber (banana and areca).

Knowledge Management: Journal