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Paper Making from Banana Pseudo-stem: Characterization and Comparison

M. Z. H. KHAN
Department of Pulp and Paper Technology, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Pathumthani, Thailand

M. A. R. SARKAR
Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Jessore Science and Technology University, Jessore, Bangladesh

FORHAD IBNE AL IMAM
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pabna Polytechnic College, Pabna, Bangladesh

M. ZAHID H. KHAN
Local Government Engineering Department, Jessore, Bangladesh

RAIMO O. MALINEN
Department of Pulp and Paper Technology, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Pathumthani, Thailand

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study deals with the determination of paper-making potentialities of banana pseudo-stems growing in Thailand. Chlorine dioxide (Do and D1) and extraction (Ep) treatments were all performed in sealed plastic bags in a thermostatically controlled water bath. Unbleached banana kraft pulp in the kappa number range of 23–28 was not easy to bleach with three-stage sequence of D0-EP-D1. The determination of mechanical properties of standard paper after mild beating in the laboratory is discussed as is the interpretation of the results. As an indication of potential paper-making properties, they are important for the pulp producer in the control of fiber characteristics. The brightness was achieved at 45% ISO, with a viscosity level at 585 mL/g. Drainage of pulp was extremely slow and paper-making properties were characterized by low strength, low bulk, rough surface, and extremely poor optical properties.

Keywords: DOI: 10.1080/15440478.2013.874962

Location: Department of Pulp and Paper Technology, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Pathumthani, Thailand

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Banana

Objectives:

A detailed investigation was undertaken to study the possibility of papermaking from banana pseudo-stem, and the results obtained from this investigation are presented in this article. The extraction of fiber from the pseudo-stem is not a common practice and much of the stem is not used for production of fibers. The behavior of the fibers also gives important hint regarding their subsequent behavior as reinforcement in paper. A detailed comparison study was done between the paper properties of banana fiber with others in terms of kraft pulping and paper-making characteristics which indicates their suitability for paper industry.

Methodology:

Raw Material The raw material used for this research was whole length banana stem. Banana stem was collected from a common species (Musa acuminata) in Thailand. This type of banana plant is generally grown all over the country. The stem was cut from plant and chopped in small pieces (2–3 inch) and allowed to sun dry for about 3/4 days in the open air. After sun drying, oven dry (OD) measurement was done and the stem was then prepared for cooking.

Pulping Cooking: Five cooks were done in an air bath digester comprising six autoclaves. Cooking liquor was prepared from solid NaOH pallets by dissolving them in water, and the concentration of NaOH was determined (SCAN-N 2.88). Since the packing of raw material was very low, only 100 g (as OD) per autoclave could be used for cooking in digester.

Bleaching of Chemical Pulp Bleaching was done after oxygen delignification. Pulps were taken in plastic bags in a water bath. Bleaching chemicals and water were added together into pulp and the mixture was heated near to reaction temperature in microwave oven. Pulp was mixed well during bleaching time after every 15 min. After every stage, pH of filtrate was measured and after D stages residual chlorine was determined. Pulp was then washed by a diluting and dewatering procedure; first, it was diluted to a consistency 5% and then dewatered. This was repeated two times.

Fiber Morphology and Chemical Composition of Banana Stem Fiber Hollocellulose was determined according to theTAPPI general procedure, whereas in case of lignin estimation T222 om-98 was followed. The detailed procedures for extractives, ash, water solubility, and pentosans were TAPPI general. Banana fiber chemical pulp was used for fiber length and fiber coarseness measurements. L & W fiber analyzer instrument was used for this purpose.

Sheet Making and Testing The bleached banana stem fiber pulp was beaten and handsheets were made for testing the physical and optical properties.

HANDSHEET MAKING SCAN: CM 26:76 was followed in case of handsheet making. The target basis weight was 60 gsm.

PRESSING AND DRYING After handsheet making, sheets were pressed and dried and they were kept in the conditioned room overnight before testing.

PAPER TESTING The conditioned paper was tested for mechanical and optical properties according to the following standards.

Source of Information: Journal of Natural Fibers, 11:199–211, 2014

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The main objective of this study was to establish the suitability of banana stem fiber as a potential source of lignocellulosic fibers for paper making. Paper-making properties were characterized by low strength. The handsheet density value was very high with high roughness. The air permeability was very poor. Compare with other raw materials, the optical properties were found to be extremely poor. Because of the lowest quality of its pulp, it is not suitable for fine paper making. However, there is scope for further research to completely characterize the banana fibers and facilitate proper applications in paper/board industries.

Knowledge Management: Journal