MD. NAZRUL ISLAM*
Department of Physics, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
M.A GAFUR
PP and PDC, BCSIR, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
AMIR HOSSAIN KHAN
Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University Savar, Bangladesh
Banana polypropylene composites, Natural fiber, Hot press molding, Spectros-copy biodegradable, Matrix Infrared spectroscopy, Functional groups, Morphology, Surface topography
Department of Physics, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Resource Development and Management
Fabric, Banana
2.1 Materials Banana fibers were collected locally with the help of PP and PDC, BCSIR, Dhaka. We have used Polypropylene (PP T101) containing specific gravity of 0.9. For experimental purposes banana fibers were chopped within the length of approximately 2-3 mm and sieved with 2 mm sieve (DIN IS03310/1 w=2mm, FRITSCH). To remove moisture all these fibers and PP granules were kept at 110o C for 24 hours to remove moisture.
2.2 Alkali Treatment 20% NaOH solution was placed in to RB flask container and sufficient amount of chopped banana fibers were immersed in to the solution for 15 minutes at room temperature. Another container was taken for washing the fibers and had done thoroughly by distilled water several times. Dilute sulfuric acid solution was used for neutralized alkali treated fibers and rinsing them for several minutes. Again distilled water was used for washing the banana fiber following the method of Guha Roy et al.
2.3 Composite Fabrication Fiber and PP were mixed at room temperature and a blender (Philips, India) was used and it was done for a period of 4 minutes at 410 rpm. Mold releasing agent was used in the die or mold. Then fiber pp mixtures were taken in a die. Paul-Otto-Weber Press machine was used for composite fabrication and load of 50 KN was given to top of the mold area (6"×6").The mold was kept in press machine. Microprocessor controller controlled the total heating system. Total heating system was controlled electrically and temperature was set at 180o C. It took only 25–30 minutes to reach the above temperature. The temperature was set at that temperature for 30 minutes. To get void free and actual shaped sample as designed final load of 50 KN was set over the sample area. Pressure was increased up to 100KN when the temperature was reached at 180o C and the heating system was stopped. For cool down the heated sample water circulation system was arranged through the outer area of mold. The sample had been cooled for 10 hours. After that the Specimens were separated from the mold. After that the samples were cut in different shapes according to different tests and labeled of these samples before stored in a desiccators. ASTM standard was maintained for sample preparation.
2.4 Oven Electronically controlled oven (UE / BE MEMNERT, UAE / SLF 600, GERMAN) was used for sample preparation. Ambient Conditions: Ambient temperature 5o C - 40o C MAX 80% oven voltage category II contamination degree according to IEC 664. Temperature Range: Ambient to 280o C.
2.5 IR Sample Preparation Both untreated and alkali treated banana fibers were dried at 105o C for 24 h and powdered in a mortar. For IR analysis were obtained by mixing and grinding a small amount of powdered fiber materials (1mg) of fiber compound samples with dry and pure KBr (200 mg). Mixing and grinding were done in a mortar by a pestle. Powdered mixture was then compressed in a metal holder to produce a pellet and pressure of 8-10 tons was required. For IR measurements the pellet samples were then placed in the path of the infrared beam. Composite fabrication of both treated and untreated PP banana fiber composites containing 10 wt % short fibers were done in a rotary mixer (Philips, India) and was used for 5 minutes at a speed of 30 rpm. The mixing was set at 180o C for 20-22 minutes. For composite fabrication compressed and moulded them into sheets (1-2 mm thickness) with a Paul-Otto-Weber Press machine. The temperature was set at 180o C for 20 minutes. After reaching the above temperature a load of 50 KN was set to have required shape, thickness and void free samples. For cooling the mold water circulation system was arranged through the out sides of the mold area. Specimens were separated after cooling and pellets were cut from the sheet. The pellet was then placed in the path of the infrared beam for measurements.
2.6 Infrared Spectrophotometer The spectrophotometer used for IR spectral analysis was IR 470, SHIMADZU CORPORATION, KYOTO, JAPAN. It is a double-beam spectrophotometer. The photometer works in direct ratio method with the use of the independent dual frequencies modulation. Its wave number range in 4000 - 400 cm-1 and resolution in case of normal operation is 2.7 cm-1 around 1300 cm-1and in case of the stretched optimum parameter, the resolution is 0.8 cm-1 around 1000 cm-1.The spectrophotometer has its repeatability of the transmittance, 0.5%, except the wave number range, where the absorption bands of the water vapor exist. Its measuring time is 5 mins 45 secs with fast and record off. Two milligrams of the powered fibers were mixed with 100mg of KBr to prepare pellets of sample.
2.7 Morphology (SEM) The surface topography of fibers and cords treated under different conditions was investigated using a Hitachi S-2600N Scanning Electron Microscope with 20 nm resolution, and equipped with Oxford Isis Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy system including a light element detector and digital imaging. The samples were stuck on carbon tapes mounted on the SEM sample holder. Then they were coated with a thin layer of vapor- deposited silver to induce conductivity before examination under SEM. The acceleration voltage was 25 KV.
Journal of Building Material Science | Volume 02 | Issue 02 | December 2020
Journal