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A Short Review on a Nutritional Fruit : Guava

Shakib Uzzaman
Department of Pharmacy,Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Khokon Miah Akanda
Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Sanzia Mehjabin1 , G.M. Masud Parvez *
Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

G.M. Masud Parvez *
Department of Pharmacy, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) commonly known for its food and nutritional values throughout the world. A number of chemicals isolated from plants like quercetin, guaijaverin, isoflavonoids, gallic acid, catechin, epicathechin, rutin, naringenin, kaempferol flavonoids and galactose-specific lecithins have shown promising activity. Toxicity studies in mice and other animal models as well as controlled human studies show leaf, seed, pulp, skin and fruits different extract in different concentration are helps to prevent cancer, regulating blood pressure, and treating diarrhea. Much of the traditional uses have been validated by scientific research. The plant has been extensively studied in terms of pharmacological activity of its major components and the results show antioxidant, antipyretic, antifungal, antimicrobial, hypotensive, analgesic & anti-inflammatory effect.

Keywords: Psidium Guajava, Antidiabetic, Antibacterial, Hepatoprotective, Contractile

Location: Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Guava

Objectives:

Guava’s believed to have originated from Mexico or Central America. It is now very popular in Asian countries and is also increasingly available in American countries, particularly after its health benefits have been revealed. The most guava producing countries are India, China, Thailand, Pakistan, Mexico, Indonesia, Brazil, Bangladesh, Philippines, and Nigeria. Globally, India, Pakistan and Brazil had been the principal producers of commercial Guava cultivars. Bangladesh is 8th highest guava producing countries. In Bangladesh the annual production is 1,048,850 MT in 2017-18.

Methodology:

Common Names [6] Guava is known as various names in various regions of the world. The common names of Psidium guajava include.

Plant Description Psidium guajava is a shrub or small tree usually growing 1-6 m tall, but occasionally reaching 10 m in height. The older stems are covered in a smooth, light reddish-brown, bark that peels off in flakes. This sometimes gives the trunks a mottled appearance, because the newly revealed bark is somewhat greenish-brown in colour. Younger stems are greenish in colour, hairy (pubescent), and somewhat four-angled (quadrangular). The simple leaves are oppositely arranged along the stems and are borne on short stalks (petioles) 4-10 mm long. The leaf blades (7-15 cm long and 3-7 cm wide) are somewhat oval in shape (ovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic) with rounded or pointed tips (obtuse or acute apices) and rounded (obtuse) bases. They have hairy (pubescent) undersides (especially when young), entire margins, and are generally dull green in colour. Each leaf has a prominent central vein (midrib) and 10-20 pairs of side veins (lateral veins) that are also relatively obvious. The flowers are usually borne singly in the upper leaf forks (axils). These flowers are about 25 mm across and are borne on a hairy stalk (pubescent peduncle) 1-2.5 cm long. Each flower has four or five green sepals (6-15 mm long) that are fused together at the base and four or five white petals (10-20 mm long). They also have large numbers (200- 250) of small white stamens (6-10 mm long) and a style (6-12 mm long) topped with a stigma. The fruit is either rounded (globose), egg-shaped (ovoid) or pearshaped (pyriform) and turns from green to yellowish in colour as it matures. These berries (2.5-10 cm long) are crowned with the remains of the persistent sepals (calyx lobes) and have a juicy pink, white or yellowish coloured pulp containing numerous seeds. The seeds are yellowish in colour and kidney-shaped (reniform). Both planted and wild trees are used for fruit which aids their spread.

Ethnomedicinal Uses Psidium guajava fruit (Guava) is an ethnomedicine. It has special importance in the traditional system of medicine. In Ayurveda, it is considered as an important herbal medicine for dysentery and diarrhea. In Traditional Chinese Medicine system, it is used to treat many diseases. It has been used since ages to improve the health of humans.

Nutritional Status [9] Guava is an extremely good source of vitamin, minerals, protein, fat etc which is well known as a booster for vision health.

Pharmacological Effect Various part of the plant/fruit has been used for different pharmacological activity and different solvents are use to extract the sample. Various concentrations of the extracts are used for various activities

Source of Information: Open Access: Toxicology & Research Volume 1 Issue 1, December 2018

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

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Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, these results show that guava (Psidium guajava) has Antioxidant, Anti-diabetic, Antibacterial, Anti-diarrhoeal, Antihypotensive, Analgesic & anta inflammatory, Anticancer, Antihypertensive, Antifungal, Antipyretic and high nutritional value. The whole fruit of this plant is edible. The fruit can be eaten raw or even cooked. Fruits are sliced and used as salads or desserts. Beverages are also prepared from the pulp of the fruit. Many varieties of delicacies such as jam, guava paste, and guava cheese are produced from the fruit. The leaves are also edible and have medicinal properties. These vital fruits should be cultivated more to meet the nutritional requirements at a cheaper value.

Knowledge Management: Journal