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Seasonal Variations of Melon Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae (coquillett) (diptera: Tephritidae) Indifferent Agricultural Habitats of Bangladesh

M. Abdul Alim
Departmen of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. Aftab Hossain
Insect Biotechnology Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Ganak bari, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mahfuza Khan
Insect Biotechnology Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Ganak bari, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Shakil A. Khan
Insect Biotechnology Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Ganak bari, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. Saidul Islam
Insect Biotechnology Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Ganak bari, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. Khalequzzaman
Departmen of Zoology, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Seasonal variations of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) was monitored in three different agricultural habitats of Bangladesh from January 2007 to December 2008 using cue-lure baited McPhail traps. The study areas were (i) Pubail: a cucurbit vegetables growing area where vegetables are grown at commercial scale from June to August; (ii) Goloar char: a land mass between two rivers where vegetables are grown at commercial scale from January to April; and (iii) Ganakbari: a plain land surrounded by industries and Government offices where vegetables are grown as backyard garden round the year. Abiotic factors including air temperature, relative humidity, rain-fall and biotic factors such as hostplant species were recorded during the study periods. The population of melon fly was prevalent at high level during the two-year surveillance period except in October and November. In both the years, the highest capture was recorded in April to June while the lowest was in October to November. The study showed that the seasonal rise of melon fly population coincided with the air temperature, availability and fruiting period of the host plants. The variations of the melon fly population in two consecutive years (2007 and 2008) showed almost mirror images.

Keywords: Melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Air temperature, Host plants, Population, Vegetable growing areas.

Location: Three vegetable fields viz., Ganakbari Savar, Dhaka, in Pubail, Gazipur and in Goloar Char, Kishorgonj in the year of 2007 and 2008.

Start Date: 00-00-2007

End Date: 00-00-2008

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Fly, Melon

Objectives:

As a prerequisite of the test release of sterile melon fly to suppress the wild population, the current study was undertaken to understand the year-round population level of melon fly in respect to different agricultural habitats, air temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and the availability of host fruits surrounding the study areas.

Methodology:

Experimental sites The field survey of B. cucurbitae were carried out in three vegetable fields viz., Ganakbari Savar, Dhaka (230 55′′N, 900 09′′E), in Pubail, Gazipur (230 55′′N, 900 33′′E) and in Goloar Char, Kishorgonj (240 16′′N, 900 40′′E) in the year of 2007 and 2008. The three sites were more than 20 km apart from each other. These sites were selected because they represented the major cultivated vegetable crops grown in this region and they were commonly infested by the melon fly as well. Ganakbari, Savar is located at northwest side of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It is a high plain land with red hilly soil. Many types of vegetables are cultivated throughout the year in this area. Pubail is located at north and south side of Dhaka and Gazipur district, respectively. It is a waved land with red fertile soil. The cucurbit vegetables are cultivated in this area at large scale mainly in the month of June to August. But all other seasons some vegetables of cucurbit group cultivated at domestic premises. Goloar Char is located southwest side of Kishorganj district. It is a land mass between two rivers which remain under water during seasonal flood. The cucurbit vegetables are cultivated in this area at large scale mainly in the month of January to April. But all other seasons some domestic cultivation has been occurred.

Fly trapping At each experimental site four McPhail traps were set at approximately 100 m distances in the field and inspected every fortnightly. Each trap was placed on bamboo poles at a height of 1m above the ground. A parapheromone lure (cue-lure) stick was suspended inside each trap, near the center. The parapheromomne lure stick is consisted of a small cotton rope impregnated with 2 ml of cue-lure [4-(p-acetoxyphenyl)-2- butanone] (Safe Agriculture Bangladesh Ltd. (SABL)). A cotton ball soaked with 4% sevin-solution (contact poison of ACI. Limited, Bangladesh) was placed inside each trap as insect killer, which was replaced at 15 days intervals throughout the year. Male flies were attracted by the lures, and were quickly killed with the insecticide on the cotton ball. The flies of B. cucurbitae species were identified and counted in each trap at 15 days intervals. Trap capture rates were calculated based on four traps in each site.

Meteorological data The monthly meteorological data used in the present study provided by the Center of Meteorological Department, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Data interpretation The trapped flies were removed from the traps and counted after every fortnight. Month-wise mean (±se) number of B. cucurbitae captured from each experimental site was also counted and recorded to observe the differences in population. Correlation analysis was carried out for the monthly capture rates of B. cucurbitae and three monthly climatic factors: mean temperature (X1), mean relative humidity (X2), and total rainfall (X3) in two study years.

Source of Information: ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science VOL. 7, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2012 ISSN 1990-6145

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion it may be stated that the presence of cucurbit hosts is crucial to build up the population size of melon fly in all the study sites. We also observed that warm weather influence the population build-up of melon fly in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal