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Fruit Growth and Proximate Composition of Dilllenia Indica Linn.

M.M. Hasan
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

M.S.A. Fakir*
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

M.M. Rahman
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

S. Moonmoon
Department of Crop Botany & Tea Production Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

S. Naznin
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Dillenia indica Linn. is an important minor fruit of Dilleniaceae. It is commonly known as ‘Chalta’ in Bangladesh. Botanically, chalta is a pseudo fruit where the persistent and fleshy calyx with interior ovary forms the prominent edible part. Though eaten fresh, the fruit is usually cooked and it can be made into juice, jam, jelly, pickles and chutney. Fruit growth and nutritional composition of chalta were investigated at the Botanical Garden of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh (24 o26' and 24054' N and 90 015' and 90030' E) between August and October, 2011 to ascertain the horticultural harvesting stage of fruit. Flowers were tagged at first opening (days after flowering) and fruit growth was investigated up to harvest maturity. Fruit size (length and diameter), and growth of calyx were investigated at 7-days interval up to 77 days after flowering. Calyx and fruit size, and fruit weight were gradually increased with increasing ages, up to 77 days after flowering. However, the increment between 75 and 77 days after flowering appeared non-significant. Hence, the fruit harvesting age was set at 75 days after flowering. The fruit length and diameter (9.50 and 11.51 cm, respectively) were attained at 75 days after flowering. The length, breadth, and thickness of individual sepal (9.94, 9.28, and 2.20 cm, respectively) were obtained at 75 days after flowering. The fresh and dry weights of calyx (480.53 and 163.73 g, respectively) were also recorded at 75 days after flowering. The calyx of 75 days aged contained an appreciable amount of crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, ash, and total carbohydrate (5.70, 32.02, 3.34, 4.61, and 51.22%, respectively). It might be concluded that harvest maturity of chalta attained around two and a half months from flowering when fruits turn into yellowish-green colour with average fruit fresh weight of 523 g.

Keywords: Dillenia indica, Fruit growth, Harvest maturity, Nutrient composition.

Location: Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Minor fruits

Objectives:

Hence, the current study was conducted (i) to investigate the fruit growth of chalta at different ages; and (ii) to determine the nutritional value (proximate composition) of the fruit. The overall objective was to ascertain the right stage of fruit harvest i.e. horticultural maturity.

Methodology:

Three chalta trees were selected at Botanical Garden and Faculty of Veterinary Science in the Bangladesh Agricultural University campus, Mymensingh to study the fruit growth during August to October, 2011. Different coloured woolen threads were loosely fastened in the pedicel of flowers to record fruit age at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 75 and 77 days after first opening of flowers (DAF). At each DAF, at least 15 fruits (five each from three replicates) were harvested. Fruit length and diameter were measured by ruler. The length and breadth of calyx were also recorded by ruler, while calyx thickness was measured by slide calipers. The sepal was divided into two equal halves and thickness was determined from the maximum thickened middle portion. Fresh weight of freshly harvested fruits were recorded and then covered and the seeds were separated. The dry weight of calyx and seed were recorded after oven drying (80±2 0C) till constant weight. The absolute growth rate, AGR= {(W2-W1) ÷ (T2-T1)} of calyx was also calculated, where W and T represent fresh weight and time of fruit harvest, respectively. The proximate constituents: crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE) or crude fat, ash, and nitrogen free extract (NFE) or total carbohydrate of calyx were determined at four (42, 56, 75, and 77) DAFs (AOAC, 1990). The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was followed with three replications. Different ages i.e. DAFs were used as treatment in analyzing the data. The program MSTAT-C (Russell, 1986) was used to analyze the data. The mean differences were compared by least significant difference (LSD) test (Gomez and Gomez 1984).

Source of Information: International Journal of Minor Fruits, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Vol. 2 No. 1, 2016 (19 - 24)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The length, breadth, and thickness of individual sepal (9.94, 9.28, and 2.20 cm, respectively) were obtained at 75 days after flowering. The fresh and dry weights of calyx (480.53 and 163.73 g, respectively) were also recorded at 75 days after flowering. The calyx of 75 days aged contained appreciable amount of crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, ash, and total carbohydrate (5.70, 32.02, 3.34, 4.61, and 51.22%, respectively). It might be concluded that harvest maturity of chalta attained around two and a half months from flowering when fruits turn into yellowish green colour with average fruit fresh weight of 523 g.

Knowledge Management: Journal