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Phenology and Reproductive Biology of Three Sesbania Species

Sontosh C. Chanda*
Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Ashaduzzaman Sagar
Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

M. Mozahidul Islam
Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

M. Alamgir Hossain
Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

A.K.M. Golam Sarwar
Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at Field and Plant Systematics Laboratories of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, to study the phenology and to search for new descriptors from reproductive morphology for convenient field identification of Sesbania species. Seeds of one hundred and five accessions from three Sesbania species viz. S. bispinosa, S. cannabina and S. sesban, were collected and used as experimental materials. Seeds were sown at the spacing 50 cm (row–row) × 15 cm (plant–plant). Ratoon, the regrowth of shoot from previous year’s harvest, was observed only in S. sesban and also used as experimental material. Results revealed that the days required for 50% inflorescence bearing, flower & pod initiation and pod maturation were higher in S. sesban ratoon and lowest in S. sesban; S. sesban ratoon also produces the largest flowers and the smallest in S. bispinosa. Pollen grains are monad, tricolporate, prolate and exine sculpture reticulate. Pollen grains of S. bispinosa possess the thickest exine (2.47±0.47 µm) with the highest value of P/E ratio (1.81) and the lowest in S. cannabina (1.16±0.21 µm and 1.57, respectively). The highest pod setting was found in S. cannabina (50.35%) and the lowest S. sesban ratoon (21.68%). However, seed setting was higher in S. bispinosa (91.06%) and the lowest S. cannabina (87.78%). The heaviest 1000-seed weight was obtained from S. sesban (20.03±2.06 g) and the lowest from S. cannabina (16.28±2.20 g). A dichotomous key was made for the identification of these Sesbania species.

Keywords: Sesbania species, S. sesban ratoon, Floral parts, Color, Length, Width

Location: Field and Plant Systematics Laboratories of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Dhaincha

Objectives:

A continuous overlapping in the classic flower morphological descriptors makes the identification of Sesbania species problematic in the field (Chanda et al., 2017). To address these confusing facts, the present study was undertaken to search for new descriptors in the floral and reproductive features pertinent for convenient field identification of Sesbania species.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at Field and Plant Systematics Laboratories of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, in two consecutive years 2016 and 2017; however, the experimental data from only the year 2017 have been presented here to avoid the overcrowding of data. Seeds of 105 accessions of three Sesbania spp. viz. S. bispinosa (ninety accessions), S. cannabina (nine accessions) and S. sesban (six accessions), were collected from different regions of Bangladesh (detailed collection information available upon request). Seeds of each accession were sown @ 30 kg/ha in 4 lines on 2 × 2.5 m² plot. The emergence of seedling commenced at 3–5 days after sowing (DAS). Seedlings were thinned to maintain a uniform spacing of 50 cm (line–line) × 15 cm (plant–plant). Intercultural operations were done properly. The final harvest was done at the maturation of pods, more than 80% attain characteristics brown color. Ratoon, the regrowth of shoot from previous year’s harvest, was observed only in S. sesban and also used as experimental material for the year 2017.

perimental material for the year 2017. Phenological descriptors viz. inflorescence initiation, 50% inflorescence bearing, flower initiation, first flowering, flowering duration, time of floral opening and pollen release, and pod initiation and maturation, were recorded. Longevity of flower was determined by calculating the time of opening and shedding flowers. Data on both qualitative descriptors e.g., colour, shape, spots on corolla, etc, and quantitative descriptors viz. length and width of different floral parts, pollen grains, pods and seeds, were recorded from randomly selected 10 flowers at least 5 individual plants. Unopened flowers (buds) were collected for pollen morphological study. The flowers/buds were preserved with 50% ethanol solution. Pollen grains were collected from the anther of the buds by teasing with needle and forceps. Pollen grains were mounted in glycerin and measured with a light microscope. The photo micrographs of pollen grains were taken by using an Olympus BX41 microscope fitted with a digital camera. Pollen morphology viz. polar length, equatorial diameter and exine thickness of pollen grains were measured according to Jahan et al. (2013) and the P/E ratio was also calculated. The terminology for pollen descriptor was used following Erdtman (1952) and Punt et al. (2007). Pod setting (%) and seed setting (%) was calculated and 1000-seed weight was measured. The percentage of fruit set and seed set was calculated by the following formula (Singh et al., 2014).

Data were statistically analyzed by using the computer program with Excel application to determination of arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, and range among the accessions (de Melo et al., 2016). The weather data viz. air and soil temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and sunshine hour, were collected from Weather Yard, Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering

Source of Information: International Journal of Minor Fruits, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Vol. 5 (1) : 29-37, June 2019

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The quantitative descriptors viz. flower, wing, keel length, keel width, stamen and carpel length, P: E along with qualitative descriptors viz. flower color, spots on standard, color and shape of seeds, would be helpful for effective and identification of Sesbania species viz. S. bispinosa, S. cannabina and S. sesban, in the field. The floral parts of S . sesban plant were comparatively larger than those of S. bispinosa and S. cannabina plants. New descriptors in the floral and reproductive features Table 5. Variation in pod and seed morphological features of may help pertinent for convenient field identification of Sesbania species. A dichotomous key was made for these Sesbania species.

Knowledge Management: Journal