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First Report of Jackfruit Decline Caused by Phytophthora Spp. in Bangladesh

Farhana Jenny
Seed Certification Agency (SCA), Gazipur, Bangladesh

Md Abdul Kader
The Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Md Abdullahil Baki Bhuiyan*
The Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A survey was conducted at Gazipur, one of the major jackfruit-producing districts in Bangladesh where decline symptoms of jackfruit trees were observed. The characteristic symptoms of jackfruit decline included trunk canker, wilting, dieback of the canopy and in some cases complete death. The disease incidence was increased with the increase of plants age. Among the isolated fungi from the study area, only Phytophthora spp. were found to be pathogenic and caused decline symptoms in artificially inoculated jackfruit seedlings. Based on the morphological data, the isolates were confirmed as Phytophthora spp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Phytophthora spp. causing the decline of jackfruit trees in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Die back, Wilting, Canker, Sporangium

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agriculture University (BSMRAU campus) and nearby areas at Gazipur district

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases, Jackfruit

Objectives:

Studies on disease diagnosis and causal agents are critical for developing disease management strategies. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the symptomology of the decline disease, causal agents and their characteristic features, pathogenicity and incidence of this disease.

Methodology:

2.1 Sample collection In order to determine the range and extent of decline symptom, a total of 60 plants were randomly selected from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agriculture University (BSMRAU campus) and nearby areas at Gazipur district. The age, disease symptom and incidence of disease (% of trees showing decline symptom) were recorded. Soil samples were collected from the infected areas for the isolation of pathogen. These samples were kept at the refrigerator (4 °C) for isolation of the pathogen.

2.2 Isolation of the pathogen Soil baiting technique was used following the methods of Callaghan et al. (2016). Rose petals were used as baits with two petals floated on each cup (250 mL) filled with sterilized distilled water. The baits were checked daily for the presence of brown lesions caused by Phytophthora which then removed, washed in sterile distilled water then dipped in 70% ethanol for 10 sec then washed in sterile distilled water for one time followed by damp-dried on sterile paper tissues. The infected petals were then placed aseptically onto onion agar (200 g red onion, 17 g agar L −1 distilled water) for isolation of the pathogen. A negative control consisted of cup (250 mL) with the same quantity of water and a rose petal without soil.

2.3 Identification and morphological characterization of the pathogen The morphological characterization was performed from isolated cultures of 7 days old using a compound microscope. Besides, small pieces of agar with mycelia were suspended in sterile water in sterilized petri-plates to induce sporulation which was observed under stereomicroscope (Stemi 508, South Korea) and a compound microscope (Zeiss Primo Star, Carl Zeiss Ltd., Germany). Microscopic photographs were taken using the camera (Axiocam, Carl Zeiss Ltd., Germany) set on top of the microscope using Zen software (Carl Zeiss Ltd., Germany)to observe the hyphae and reproductive structures. A total of 3 isolates were examined for the purpose of morphological characterization.

2.4 Pathogenicity test The pathogenicity test was performed following the procedures of Borines et al. (2013). Pure cultures of each isolate grown on onion agar for 3-4 days at 25 °C were used for inoculation of healthy jackfruit seedlings. An agar plug (mycelial side down) was placed at the base of the seedling (at the soil line) by making a V-cut halfway up the stem. The plug was sealed with parafilm which were removed after 2 days. A total of 5 seedlings in 5 separate pots were used where each pot (30 cm) was filled with 5 kg potting mix (1:1 w/w garden soil and cow dung, sterilized at an autoclave at 115 kPa for 1 h); 4 seedlings were inoculated with pure culture on an isolate but only one control plant was used which was inoculated with mycelial plug without pathogen. These seedlings were monitored daily to observe the development of the symptoms. After 15 days, the pathogen was re-isolated from soils by baiting with sterilized rose petals and then plating on to onion agar. The isolated cultures were compared with the culture originally isolated from the infected site of sample collection.

Source of Information: Fundamental and Applied Agriculture Vol. 5(3), pp. 315–318: 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.5455/faa.2194

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The decline of jackfruit was characterized by symptoms such as trunk canker, wilting, dieback of the canopy and in some cases complete death. The death rate was higher in older plants. Based on the morphological characters, the pathogen was identified as Phytophthora spp. This is the first report of jackfruit decline in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal