2.1 Botanical Description The botanical description of terminalia chebula contains, it is a medium-sized, deciduous tree up to 25m tall, 60-80cm in diameter, crown rounded, spreading branches, dark brown branches with woody scales; leaves are thin- coriaceous, ovate, rounded at base, petiole up to 2cm long, 5-7cm long spikes flowers, 5 lobed calyx, absent corolla, 10 stamens, celled-1, ellipsoid drupe fruit, yellow to orange-brown when ripe.
2.2 Phytochemistry of Terminalia chebula Biologically active phytochemical constituents are includes chebulic acid, chebulinic acid[26], ellagic acid, gallic acid, chebulagic acid[28],1,6 di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 3,4,6 tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 2,3,4,6 tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,3,4,6 penta-O galloyl-βD-glucose, ellagitanin contains punacalagin, casurarinin, corilagin, terchebulin, chebulanin, neochebulinic acid, chebulagic acid and phenolic compounds. High phenolic content, specially hydrolyzable tannins, anthraquinone, flavonol, carbohydrates, glucose and sorbitol, with pharmacological studies from reverse phase chromatography there are some valuable active phytoconstituents has been reported including gallic acid, methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, chebulagic acid, tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, ellagic acid, chebulinic acid and penta-O galloyl-β-D-glucose. It also contains nutrients such as vitamin C, protein, amino acids and minerals.
2.3 pharmacological and biological uses Terminalia chebula is called "The king of medicines" because of its high content of alkaloids, secondary metabolites, flavonoids and the astonishing power of healing with a wide range of biological and pharmacological uses. Important biological uses by this plant includes antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimutagenic, adaptogenic, anti-anaphylacatic, hypocholesterolemic, gastrointestinal motility improving, anti-ulcerogenic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, radioprotective, antidiabetic and retinoprotective, antispasmodic, wound healing, purgative, immunomodulatory and chemopreventive activities. Gallic acid acts as an anti-inflammatory response binding with receptors. It is used as a blood purifier.[36] Several pharmacological investigations for different biological activities of Terminalia chebula in various in vivo and in vitro test models have been carried out based on the presence of chemical ingredients.